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I. Langmuir, The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 40(9), 1361–1403 (1918) OZCAN A, OZCAN A A, DEMIRCI Y, et al. Preparation of Fe 2O 3 modified kaolin and application in heterogeneous electro-catalytic oxidation of enoxacin[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2017, 200: 361-371. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.07.018 G. Férey et al., A chromium terephthalate-based solid with unusually large pore volumes and surface area. Science 309(5743), 2040–2042 (2005) ZHANG Y Q, ZUO S J, ZHOU M H, et al. Removal of tetracycline by coupling of flow-through electro-Fenton and in-situ regenerative active carbon felt adsorption[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 335: 685-692. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.11.012 Rhenium (Re) is not a very common element in heterogeneous catalysis, and it is only sometimes considered to be a noble metal. An example of its application in heterogeneous catalysis is the deoxydehydration (DODH) of biomass-derived polyols to produce adipic acid over ReO x supported on ZrO 2 [ 126]. There has, however, recently been a handful of reports where Re is studied as a promoter in Ni-based catalysts for methanation.
The introduction of 1% Ru in 15% Ni/CeO 2-ZrO 2 improved the dispersion of Ni and the intrinsic activity for CO 2 reduction. The catalyst was active for both CO 2 methanation at 350 °C and reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) at 700 °C. M. Meilikhov et al., Metals@MOFs—loading MOFs with metal nanoparticles for hybrid functions. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2010(24), 3701–3714 (2010) Li et al. [ 32] synthesized an effective CO 2 methanation catalyst composed of NiPd alloys supported on an SBA-15 mesoporous siliceous support. There was a strong synergetic effect between the two metals, as evidenced by H 2-TPR, and this synergy led to the bimetallic NiPd catalysts exhibiting enhanced CO 2 conversion compared to the monometallic Pd and Ni catalysts. The content of Ni and Pd in the alloy was also varied and it was shown that the Ni 0.75Pd 0.25 alloy with a Ni/Pd molar ratio of three led to the best results. If this doesn't solve the problem, we recommend reconnecting your smartphone, tablet or calendar application. F. Wu et al., Copper nanoparticles embedded in metal–organic framework MIL-101 (Cr) as a high performance catalyst for reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 32, 5–8 (2013)
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Fenton技术的一些缺点限制了其被广泛应用，如严格的pH范围(3~4) [ 9]、铁泥的产生、Fe 2+的再生效率低以及催化剂不能循环使用等 [ 10]。使用非均相电-Fenton催化剂 [ 11]则能克服这些缺点，一方面，其可以拓宽降解有机污染物的pH范围，使其在接近中性的环境中进行 [ 12]；另一方面，非均相电-Fenton催化剂将活性组分(主要是Fe)直接负载于催化剂载体上，可以减少铁泥的形成，重复利用性好。因为活性炭具有来源广泛、孔隙率高和比表面积大等特点，故其被视为负载催化剂的理想载体 [ 13]。另外，已有研究 [ 14]表明，电-Fenton技术中污染物的降解效率与阴极H 2O 2的生成量有着密切联系，因此，阴极材料的选择至关重要，具有导电性能好、多孔性和稳定性好等特点的阴极材料更有利于阴极H 2O 2的生成。 The Grunwaldt group have been amongst the pioneers in the development of NiFe-based methanation catalysts and the elucidation of the role of Fe in the overall catalytic performance. Mutz et al. [ 26] prepared Ni 3Fe catalysts supported on Al 2O 3 via deposition–precipitation. The formed alloy nanoparticles exhibited a small size and high dispersion, and the NiFe-based catalyst proved to be more active and stable at lower temperatures compared to the monometallic Ni-based catalyst. The alloy catalyst was also proven to have a quite stable and robust performance after a 45 h time-on-stream operation under industrially oriented conditions [ 26]. No carbon deposition could be observed under various gas feeds for such catalysts using operando Raman spectroscopy [ 46]. Farsi et al. [ 47] investigated the CO 2 methanation kinetics on such Ni 3Fe methanation catalysts under technical operation conditions. CO selectivity over CH 4 was found to increase over shorter residence times and higher temperatures, while water concentration was indicated as the main inhibiting factor. Semestry is the processor of this data and will therefore not carry out processing operations without permissions from Falmouth University, unless required due to legal obligations. M. Saikia, D. Bhuyan, L. Saikia, Facile synthesis of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles on metal organic framework MIL-101 (Cr): characterization and catalytic activity. New J. Chem. 39(1), 64–67 (2015)
An Fe/(Ni + Fe) ratio of 0.25 (Ni 4Fe 1) provided the highest CH 4 yield at low temperatures by lowering the energy barrier for CH 4 formation. CO 2 hydrogenation via *HCOO (formate) intermediate was favoured over its direct dissociation to *CO Do I need to reconnect my timetable to my smartphone, tablet or calendar-application when I have added or removed timetables? That way, you can create your own personal timetable from different timetables (for example from groups, courses or students), which will collectively display in the calendar. W. Cho, S. Park, M. Oh, Coordination polymer nanorods of Fe-MIL-88B and their utilization for selective preparation of hematite and magnetite nanorods. Chem. Commun. 47(14), 4138–4140 (2011)J. Gordon, H. Kazemian, S. Rohani, MIL-53(Fe), MIL-101, and SBA-15 porous materials: potential platforms for drug delivery. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 47, 172–179 (2015) AMOR L, EIROA M, KENNES C, et al. Phenol biodegradation and its effect on the nitrification process[J]. Water Research, 2005, 39(13): 2915-2920. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.019 You can open an iCalendar-, or iCal file for short, using calendar applications such as Microsoft Outlook or Apple Calendar.
FeO x nanoclusters were formed at the surface of NiFe alloy nanoparticles, due to oxidation of Fe 0 in the alloy to Fe 2+. A redox cycle between Fe 0, Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ at the interface between FeO x clusters and alloy nanoparticles promoted CO 2 activation.B. Wang et al., Applications of metal–organic frameworks for green energy and environment: new advances in adsorptive gas separation, storage and removal. Green Energy Environ. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gee.2018.03.001 Adding Ru in 10% Ni/CeO 2-ZrO 2 increased the CO 2 methanation performance. When ruthenium acetylacetonate was used instead of ruthenium chloride as the precursor salt, the metal dispersion and catalytic activity were enhanced due to the templating effect of the precursor salt molecule. J.-J. Du et al., New photocatalysts based on MIL-53 metal–organic frameworks for the decolorization of methylene blue dye. J. Hazard. Mater. 190(1), 945–951 (2011) Fe and Co can easily dissolve into the Ni lattice due to the similar crystallographic properties of the corresponding metallic phases. In the example of Fe, the dissolution of Fe atoms into the Ni lattice leads to the formation of NiFe alloys, with Ni 3Fe being the most thermodynamically stable [ 25, 26]. The introduction of Fe causes an expansion of the Ni fcc lattice up to a specific Fe amount and a shift of the (111) Ni reflection in XRD towards lower 2θ values. At higher Fe contents, the lattice becomes Fe rich and switches to the more compact bcc structure of pure Fe [ 27]. The introduction of the dopant metal can be used to tailor the electronic properties of Ni, so that the new alloy phase can achieve superior activity compared to monometallic Ni. This can also lead to a higher dispersion, stability and/or resistance towards deactivation [ 24]. The application of computational methods has shown that specific alloys can lower the M-CO binding energy and lead to higher CO methanation activities [ 28]. All Ni 3Fe bimetallic catalysts had a higher CH 4 yield compared to the monometallic ones. The largest activity enhancement was observed for the Al 2O 3-supported catalyst.
M. Anbia, V. Hoseini, Enhancement of CO 2 adsorption on nanoporous chromium terephthalate (MIL-101) by amine modification. J. Nat. Gas Chem. 21(3), 339–343 (2012)U. Daiminger, W. Lind, Adsorption Processes for Natural Gas Treatment (Engelhard Corp, USA, 2004), p. 14 The performance of phenol removal by using the heterogeneous electro-Fenton with a Fe/active carbon catalyst was studied. The Fe/AC was prepared through the equal volume impregnation method and was characterized by BET, ICP-OES and XPS. The results demonstrated that the 3.94% Fe had been successfully loaded on the activated carbon. At the catalyst dosage of 0.7 g·L −1, current density of 9 mA·cm −2 and initial electrolyte pH 5, the removal efficiencies of phenol and total organic carbon (TOC) were 95.94% and 64.51%, respectively after 90 min reaction. After 8 consecutive cycles of experiments, Fe/AC still showed good catalytic performance and low iron leaching ratio, which indicated that Fe/AC exhibited good stability and reusability. A reasonable mechanism had been proposed to interpret the phenol removal process which included production of H 2O 2 at the cathode, phenol adsorption, H 2O 2 catalytic decomposition to ·OH by Fe/AC and oxidation of phenol. Thus, the heterogeneous electro-Fenton using Fe/AC catalyst has great application prospect in the field of actual wastewater treatment. Other reports about Fe promotion in Ni/Al 2O 3 catalysts include the work of Li et al. [ 60]. It was found that adding 3% Fe on a 12% Ni/Al 2O 3 catalyst led to a mild improvement for CO 2 conversion and CH 4 selectivity, whereas the increase in the Fe content to 12% (Fe/Ni ≈ 1) caused a worse methanation performance. Liang et al. [ 61] studied the effect of various additives on Ni/Al 2O 3 catalysts and found the presence of an increased number of oxygen vacancies over the Fe-modified catalyst, as evidenced by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), that caused favourable changes to the reaction pathway. Finally, in contrast to other works, Daroughegi et al. [ 62] found that a 25% Ni/Al 2O 3 catalyst modified with 5% Fe exhibited a much worse methanation performance in terms of CO 2 conversion compared to the corresponding monometallic Ni catalyst. KO C H, FAN C, CHIANG P N, et al. P-nitrophenol, phenol and aniline sorption by organo-clays[J]. Journal of Hazadrous Materials, 2007, 149(2): 275-282. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.03.075
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