Butterfly Brain

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Kaplan–Meier plots of a overall survival of the entire cohort of patients with a butterfly glioblastoma and b the cohort of patients having undergone surgical biopsy compared to the cohort having undergone surgical decompression. All patients were included regardless of having received adjuvant therapy. Median survival for the biopsy group was 48 days compared to the surgically decompressed group of 265 days, p = 0.14 (log-rank) Tenger-Trolander, A. & Kronforst, M. R. Migration behaviour of commercial monarchs reared outdoors and wild-derived monarchs reared indoors. Proc. Biol. Sci. 287, 20201326 (2020).

butterfly Linking ecological specialisation to adaptations in butterfly

CC = corpus callosum; EOR = extent of resection; KPS = Karnofsky Performance Status; bGBM = butterfly glioblastoma; butterfly glioblastoma; corpus callosum glioblastoma; resection. Wan, G., Hayden, A. N., Iiams, S. E. & Merlin, C. Cryptochrome 1 mediates light-dependent inclination magnetosensing in monarch butterflies. Nat. Commun. 12, 771 (2021).After studying the butterflies’ brains under a powerful microscope, researchers found that structures in the brain crucial to visual processes such as color vision and shape and motion detection are between 13 and 27% larger in the brains of the species that lives deep in the forest than in the brains of the species that lives at the forests’ edges. Another brain structure that helps process sky light and polarized light is 23% larger in the deep forest species than in the forest edges species. Previous research has also shown that the deep forest species responds to lower intensities of light, and it makes sense that species of butterflies living in darker forests would need to be more sensitive to light to see and function in dimmer conditions.

brain tumour (brain cancer) - NHS Malignant brain tumour (brain cancer) - NHS

You may need treatment and support like occupational therapy and physiotherapy to help you recover or adapt to any problems. radiosurgery – lots of tiny beams of radiation are aimed at the cancer to kill it if you can't have surgery

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An HD index >0 indicates that the neural tuning can better be explained by a correlation with the animal’s heading (putative HD & steering neurons, n = 55), while an HD index <0 indicates that neural tuning was unaffected by the animal’s heading (putative GD neurons, n = 58). In addition, we correlated the binned neural response (10-degree bin size) measured prior to sun displacement with the one measured after displacement. Resetting the internal goal direction through aversive conditioning Mussells Pires, P. M., Abbott, L. F. & Maimon, G. Converting an allocentric goal into an egocentric steering signal. Preprint at https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.10.516026v1 (2022). For behavioral analysis, we computed circular histograms by adding each data point of the optical encoder to the corresponding 10-degree heading bin. The animal’s preferred heading, represented by the mean vector, was computed with the CircStat toolbox in MATLAB. The flight directedness (r) was described with the mean vector strength which ranged between 0 (non-directed) to 1 (highly directed). Distributions of preferred headings of all animals were tested for uniformity with a Rayleigh test and visualized in Oriana (Version 4.01, Kovach Computing Services, Anglesey, Wales, UK).

Butterfly Brains And Speciation | A Moment of Science

Contrary to the brain, the spinal cord’s outermost layer is formed of white matter. This is divided into three funiculi (anterior, lateral, and posterior) containing pathways travelling between the brain and the periphery. The central mass of the spinal cord is a butterfly-shaped grey matter which contains neuronal cell bodies. Reppert, S. M., Gegear, R. J. & Merlin, C. Navigational mechanisms of migrating monarch butterflies. Trends Neurosci. 33, 399–406 (2010). Mouritsen, H. & Frost, B. J. Virtual migration in tethered flying monarch butterflies reveals their orientation mechanisms. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 10162–10166 (2002). Burks et al. reviewed clinical data on all patients undergoing glioma surgery performed by the senior author during a 4-year period at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Forty patients were identified who underwent surgery for butterfly gliomas. Each patient was designated as having undergone surgery either with or without the use of awake subcortical mapping and preservation of the cingulum. Data recorded on these patients included the incidence of abulia/akinetic mutism. In the context of the study findings, the authors conducted a detailed anatomical study of the cingulum and its role within the DMN using postmortem fiber tract dissections of 10 cerebral hemispheres and in vivo diffusion tractography of 10 healthy subjects.The researchers then placed the caterpillars at the bottom of a Y-shaped tube that had ethyl alcohol fumes in one arm and no scent in the other. 78% of the conditioned larvae crawled away from the scented arm and into the one with fresh air. This study proved that the neural tissue responsible for taste, smell, memory and learning remain intact during metamorphosis. Anatomical evidence also supports this finding. Corpora pedunculata or mushroom bodies are paired structures found in an insect’s brain. At the larval stage, mushroom bodies are responsible for ‘tasting’ with the antennae, along with affecting learning and memory. In the adult stage, they are not only responsible for ‘tasting’ and learning, but also for ‘smelling’.

Dissections of Larval, Pupal and Adult Butterfly Brains for

Median survival of patients undergoing the Stupp regimen, where 83 % of patients had undergone prior decompression surgery, was 14.6 months [ 15]. In this group, 92 % carried a diagnosis of glioblastoma (not further characterized) and 86 % had a WHO performance status of ≤1 (KPS was not utilized in this study). Eight of our patients received radiation with concurrent temozolomide, although not all received the exact Stupp regimen. There was one death prior to completion of XRT. The median survival of this biopsy subgroup was 296 days, whereas the median survival of this surgically decompressed subgroup was 608 days. Our patients who did receive radiation with concurrent temozolomide showed a tendency to survive longer. Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2021, May 14). Fruit flies and mosquitos are ‘brainier’ than most people suspect, say scientists who counted the bugs’ brain cells. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/fruit-flies-and-mosquitos-are-brainier-than-most-people-suspect-say-scientists-who-counted-the-bugs-brain-cells Close your eyes and picture your route to the grocery store. As you visualize the curves of the road and the street signs you pass, you are using the region of your brain called the hippocampus. As you navigate, you are tracing paths between neurons in your brain, mapping memories called engrams. The more times a day you do this, the more connections you make and the stronger your visual memory will be. inspiration from the celebrated butterfly effect - the idea that the flap of a butterfly's wings in Brazil could set off a tornado in Texas. Their strategy was to introduce a small perturbation into the brain, the neural equivalentWe all know that hesitation when you’re about to open a neuroanatomy textbook. It feels as though you’re about to go to Mordor. That’s usually due to the complexity of the subject, which textbooks often fail to simplify and thus give fuel to the theory that the nervous system is so hard to learn. There are lots of types of brain tumour. They have different names depending on where they are in the brain.