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The suprahyoid muscles are four muscles located superior to the hyoid bone. They connect the hyoid bone to the mandible and the base of the skull and form the floor of the oral cavity. These muscles include the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and stylohyoid muscles. The suboccipital muscles are four small muscles found in the suboccipital region, deep to the semispinalis muscles. These are: The mylohyoid is a sheet-like muscle that forms the majority of the floor of the mouth. The mylohyoid arises from the mylohyoid line on the inner surface of mandible, and inserts into the mylohyoid raphe and superior aspect of the body of hyoid bone. The middle scalene muscle receives its nerve supply from the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C3-C8. Its blood supply stems from the ascending cervical branch of the inferior thyroid artery.

The platysma is innervated by the cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII), and vascularized by the submental branch of the facial artery, and suprascapular branch of the thyrocervical trunk.At its most basic level, muscle tissue is classified as either striated or non-striated/smooth based on the presence or absence of ‘striations’ (i.e. stripes/furrows) seen at a microscopic level; these are formed due to a particular arrangement of actin and myosin filaments within the myocyte (discussed below).

The longus colli, also called the longus cervicis, is a long muscle that spans the entire length of the cervical spine and the upper vertebrae of the thoracic spine. It is divided into three parts: The posterior scalene is the smallest and most posterior of the scalene muscles that arises from the posterior tubercles of transverse processes of cervical vertebrae C4-C6. It then extends posterolaterally and inserts into the external surface of the second rib.Striated muscle; formed of short, uninucleate, branching myocytes which connected at intercalated discs The muscle is innervated by branches of the anterior rami of spinal nerves C1 and C2, and vascularized by the ascending pharyngeal, vertebral and occipital arteries. Posterior surface of manubrium sterni, adjoining parts of clavicle and the posterior sternoclavicular ligament Semispinalis cervicis, that arises from the transverse processes of vertebrae T1-T6 and inserts onto the spinous processes of vertebrae C2-C5. Structure of a sarcomere: Colorado Community College System, https://pressbooks.ccconline.o..., CC4)