Fake History: Ten Great Lies and How They Shaped the World

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The famous celebrity Paris Hilton is mostly known for spending a huge amount of money on things none of us could possibly afford. Even though this person doesn't have any problem with publicly showing her inherited money, she's definitely not that ignorant to wear a t-shirt that calls other people poor. She just calls them... desperate. Well, it's better than poor. Right? The writer of the articles knew the story wasn’t true and had meant for this to be satire. This is when a writer uses humour and exaggeration to make fun of silly ideas, in this case that there were creatures living on the Moon.

history of fake news | Reference and Before Trump: the real history of fake news | Reference and

First I use my instinct, I've been analysing historical images for decades, I collect old photos, sometimes you just feel something is wrong even if you can't say what it is yet. Part service history (PSH): The car has some service stamps but at least one is missing. A long period of time and a significant amount of mileage may have passed between services, so it’s highly recommended to enquire about the reason behind any missing stamps. I think people share them because they think they're real, once they find out they're fake they share them to show people they're fake.In 1912, solicitor and amateur palaeontologist Charles Dawson “found” the Piltdown fossils, a skull and jawbone that appeared to be half-man half-ape, in Sussex. They were hailed as the evolutionary “missing link” between apes and humans. From ancient Rome up to the present day, stories that are not true or are meant to be misleading have been used to make money, change people’s views and opinions and make us question who we can trust.

Fake news is bad. But fake history is even worse | Natalie Fake news is bad. But fake history is even worse | Natalie

Even this beautifully preserved dinosaur has some ribs and toes missing. If mounted for display, these might have to be sculpted to replace the missing parts but we do understand what they should look like from this and other specimens of close relatives. Photograph: Junchang Lu/University of Edinbu/PA The sepia-toned image, by German artist Boris Eldagsen, shows two women, the first with her arms wrapped around the second. Entitled “Pseudomnesia: The Electrician”, it won a prize at the Sony World Photography Awards. However, Eldagsen turned it down. In 2017, ‘fake news’ became Collins Dictionary’s word of the year and it’s remained in the headlines ever since. Although the phrase might appear to be a modern invention, examples of it can be found throughout history. There's is a weird obsession with moons in viral photos, it seems that if you really want to have a popular photo, just add a moon in the most unrealistic place and there you have it. That's exactly what happened with this photo taken by Mo Aoun.Fritze asks, 'how can a person know what is truth and fact, and what is lie and error in history, or science for that matter?', and replies plainly, 'the answer is evidence' (p. 11). Any 'educated person' or 'competent reader', he claims, 'can and should be able to identify it [pseudohistory]' (pp. 11, 152). This is the conventional rationalist's stance, echoed in other books about pseudoknowledge for a popular audience. (6) Of course evidence is foundational. But when epistemics is naturalized, the problem is not so simple. One major cognitive phenomenon is confirmation bias: early perceptions and interpretations tend to shape later perceptions and interpretations. (7) As a consequence, we often draw conclusions before all the relevant information is available or when evidence is essentially incomplete (the conventional fallacy of 'hasty generalization'). In addition, our minds unconsciously filter observations, tending to select or highlight confirming examples, while discounting or peripheralizing counterexamples. Ultimately, all the 'available evidence' is not really cognitively available. The believer in pseudohistory typically does respect the need for relevant evidence – and believes that it has been secured (witness their expansive volumes). Merely rehearsing the evidence against pseudohistorical claims, as Fritze largely does, is hardly sufficient for remedying those beliefs – or for understanding why anyone holds them. For large things like dinosaur skeletons there are relatively few on display anywhere. For a start there are only so many good Tyrannosaurus or Stegosaurus skeletons to go around between all the museums that want them, and also it’s now considered not such a great idea to drill holes through your priceless bones and then stand them up on display. As a result, many skeletons and other items in exhibitions are casts – copies of real bones. These are made in much the same way a dentist does of your teeth or you may have done at school by making moulds of resin or rubber cement and taking a cast from this. Whole skeletons can be produced in this way, but also even the best originals may have pieces missing or too damaged to be shown and so a cast (from another animal or another bone of the same one) might be used to fill in a missing arm or a rib. Over the years, the development of technology has helped fake news spread through inventions like the printing press, photography and social media. It might be no shame to fall victim to fallax, but some people in thrall to one mumpsimus or another could well be the “sequacious” type in general: from 1653, an adjective for an unquestioning acolyte, a slavish adherent of some person or school of thought. It is derived from the Latin sequāx, a follower, and can also be used of biddable beasts, or tractable objects, though its psychological meaning seems still the most relevant. The poet and playwright James Thomson defined a philosopher as one opposed to the sequacious multitude in his “Summer: A Poem” (1730): “The vulgar stare; amazement is their joy, / And mystic faith, a fond sequacious herd! / But scrutinous Philosophy looks deep, / With piercing eye, into the latent cause; / Nor can she swallow what she does not see.”