Flags of the Napoleonic Wars (2): Colours, Standards and Guidons of Austria, Britain, Prussia and Russia: v. 2 (Men-at-Arms)

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In 1811, greatcoats were given coloured cuffs that matched the regiment within the division. For example, one department had this scheme: Qui troverete l'organizzazione della Legione Lombarda: i colori nazionali adottati sono il verde, il bianco e il rosso. [...] Anderson, F.M. (1904). The constitutions and other select documents illustrative of the history of France, 1789–1901. The H. W. Wilson company. Generally speaking the Russian army organisation and the issuing of flags to the regiments throughout the period is a somewhat confusing subject to say the least. The information I present here is based on the few sources I have available. If anyone out there can enlighten me on anything I've missed or any mistakes I've made I would be highly delighted. A great source of historical and wargaming information. Contains a free set of Napoleonic, WW2 and WW1 miniatures rules.

Napoleon attracted power and imperial status and gathered support for his changes of French institutions, such as the Concordat of 1801 which confirmed the Catholic Church as the majority church of France and restored some of its civil status. Napoleon by this time, however, thought himself more of an enlightened despot. He preserved numerous social gains of the Revolution while suppressing political liberty. He admired efficiency and strength and hated feudalism, religious intolerance, and civil inequality. Haythornthwaite, Philip. The Russian Army of the Napoleonic Wars (I) Infantry 1799 – 1814. Osprey: London, 1987 With the invasion of Napoleon's troops, the Duke of Modena and Reggio Francesco III d'Este fled and the Reggian Republic was proclaimed (26 August 1796). [37] At the same time the Civic Guard of the city of Reggio was constituted and this military formation, aided by a small group of French grenadiers, defeated a squad of 150 Austrian soldiers at Montechiarugolo on 4 October 1796. [37] The victory was important — both from a political and symbolic point of view — that Napoleon made an official commendation to the Reggio soldiers who were the protagonists of the battle. [38] For the armed clash of Montechiarugolo, Napoleon defined the city of Reggio Emilia as: [39] Nature of Napoleon's rule [ edit ] Organigramme of the French Consulate and later the Empire The Napoleonic CodeThis explains both the initial indifference to the adoption of the new flag, which left few certain traces of its origin, and the fact that initially, instead of adopting their own flag, many cities had raised the French tricolour. The new conquest was not, as in ancient times, "jealous" of its colours but proud that they were put on display, these being the symbols of a conquering army and a victorious people. [15] It is to the French flag that the documents, at least until October 1796, refer when they use the term "tricolour". [15] Spain used up the soldiers needed for Napoleon's other fields of battle, and they had to be replaced by conscripts. Spanish resistance affected Austria, and indicated the potential of national resistance. The provocations of Talleyrand and Britain strengthened the idea that the Austrians could emulate the Spanish. On 10 April 1809, Austria invaded France's ally, Bavaria. The campaign of 1809, however, would not be nearly as long and troublesome for France as the one in Spain and Portugal. Following a short and decisive action in Bavaria, Napoleon opened up the road to the Austrian capital of Vienna for a second time. At Aspern, Napoleon suffered his first serious tactical defeat, along with the death of Marshal Jean Lannes, an able commander and dear friend of the emperor. The victory at Wagram, however, forced Austria to sue for peace. The Treaty of Schönbrunn, signed on 14 December 1809, resulted in the annexation of the Illyrian Provinces and recognised past French conquests. NCO’s have gold laceon the front/lower edges of the cuffs, the front/upper edges of the collar and the top of the shako.

Bologna, Ferrara, Modena e Reggio costituiscono una Repubblica una e indivisibile per tutti i rapporti, dimodoché le quattro popolazioni non formino che un popolo solo, una sola famiglia, per tutti gli effetti, tanto passati, quanto futuri, niuno eccettuato [...] Colangeli, Oronzo (1965). Simboli e bandiere nella storia del Risorgimento italiano (PDF) (in Italian). Patron. SBN IT\ICCU\SBL\0395583.Bell, David A (2008). The First Total War: Napoleon's Europe and the Birth of Warfare as We Know It. The Italian tricolour, like other tricolour flags, is inspired by the French one, introduced by the revolution in the autumn of 1790 on French Navy warships, [3] and symbol of the renewal perpetrated by the origins of Jacobinism. [4] [5] The historic session of the congress did not specify the characteristics of this flag with the determination of the tonality and proportion of the colours, and did not even specify their location on the banner. [57] Also in the minutes of the meeting of Saturday 7 January 1797 [24] read: [1] Main articles: French invasion of Russia, War of the Sixth Coalition, and Hundred Days Napoleon and his staff during the War of the Sixth Coalition, by Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier In subsequent meetings, which always took place in the "hall of the congress centumvirate" of Reggio, many decisions were decreed and formalized, including the choice of the emblem of the newly formed republic. [51] To put forward the proposal for the adoption of a green, white and red national flag was Giuseppe Compagnoni, who for this reason is remembered as the "father of the Italian flag", in the XIV session of the cispadane congress [52] of 7 January 1797. [51] [27] [53] The adoption decree states: [52] [54] [55]

The congress's decision to adopt a green, white and red tricolour flag was then also greeted by a jubilant atmosphere, enthusiasm of the delegates, and by bursts of applause. [23] For the first time, the city of ducal states for centuries enemies, they identify themselves as one people and a common identity symbol: the tricolour flag. [24] Marines consisted of four regiments with dark green facings piped white. In 1812 the shoulder straps were: 25 th – White, 26th – Yellow, 27 th – Green, 28 th –Red

In the War of the Third Coalition, Napoleon swept away the remnants of the old Holy Roman Empire and created in southern Germany the vassal states of Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Saxony, which were reorganised into the Confederation of the Rhine. The Treaty of Pressburg, signed on 26 December 1805, extracted extensive territorial concessions from Austria, on top of a large financial indemnity. Napoleon's creation of the Kingdom of Italy, the occupation of Ancona, and his annexation of Venetia and its former Adriatic territories marked a new stage in the French Empire's progress. A few months later, on 29 June 1797, with the union between the Cispadane and Transpadane republics, the Cisalpine Republic was formed, a large-scale pro-Napoleonic state body with Milan as its capital. [9] [64]