The Learning Journey Match It - Head To Tail Puzzle Game For Kids - Helps Interactive Child Development, Problem-Solving and Social Skills - 20 Self-Correcting Puzzle Sets - For 3+ Years

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Spinelli S, Veesler D, Bebeacua C, Cambillau C (2014) Structures and host-adhesion mechanisms of lactococcal siphophages. Front Microbiol 5:3 We think that nucleotide occupancy is likely to be similar between ADP and ATP states. Our calculated stoichiometries are in good agreement with numbers obtained for ClpX [Hersch, GL, et al, Cell, 2005], as each AAA domain of ClpB can bind four nucleotides. Users are encouraged to open the Concept Builder and begin. There is no need for an activity sheet for this Concept Builder. However, the nine different groups of questions can be printed. View Questions​ (Teachers Only). Proximodistal is a term used to describe the direction of development or maturation of motor skills. It refers to the tendency for individuals to acquire motor skills from the center of their body outward, progressing towards their extremities. For example, when children are learning to move, they may first learn how to move their head, trunk, and arms before they learn how to move their hands and feet. This progression is known as proximodistal development. Examples of Proximodistal and Cephalocaudal Pattern Use a ruler to measure the magnitude of \(\mathbf{\mathbf{R}}\), and a protractor to measure the direction of \(\mathbf{R}\). While the direction of the vector can be specified in many ways, the easiest way is to measure the angle between the vector and the nearest horizontal or vertical axis. Since the resultant vector is south of the eastward pointing axis, we flip the protractor upside down and measure the angle between the eastward axis and the vector.

eLife posts the editorial decision letter and author response on a selection of the published articles (subject to the approval of the authors). An edited version of the letter sent to the authors after peer review is shown, indicating the substantive concerns or comments; minor concerns are not usually shown. Reviewers have the opportunity to discuss the decision before the letter is sent (see review process). Similarly, the author response typically shows only responses to the major concerns raised by the reviewers. Nováček J, Šiborová M, Benešík M, Pantůček R, Doškař J, Plevka P (2016) Structure and genome release of Twort-like Myoviridae phage with a double-layered baseplate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:9351–9356 Hu B, Margolin W, Molineux IJ, Liu J (2015) Structural remodeling of bacteriophage T4 and host membranes during infection initiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:E4919–E4928 The best exmple of cephalocaudal development is seen in the way babies grow and develop. At birth, the baby’s head is much larger than its tail, showing the beginning of growth from head to tail. As a baby grows, the head begins to take on more shape and structure while their body develops length and strength. Over time, the baby will gradually add more weight to their limbs and trunk as they begin to crawl and stand up on their own. By the time they become toddlers, their heads will be proportionally smaller than when they were born while their limbs will be longer and stronger. This gradual development from head to tail reflects the cephalocaudal pattern of growth. Difference Between Cephalocaudal and Proximodistal

Agirrezabala X, Martín-Benito J, Castón JR, Miranda R, Valpuesta JM, Carrascosa JL (2005) Maturation of phage T7 involves structural modification of both shell and inner core components. EMBO J 24:3820–3829 Bhardwaj A, Walker-Kopp N, Casjens SR, Cingolani G (2009) An evolutionarily conserved family of virion tail needles related to bacteriophage P22 gp26: correlation between structural stability and length of the alpha-helical trimeric coiled coil. J Mol Biol 391:227–245 Gaussier H, Yang Q, Catalano CE (2006) Building a virus from scratch: assembly of an infectious virus using purified components in a rigorously defined biochemical assay system. J Mol Biol 357:1154–1166 Maxwell KL, Yee AA, Arrowsmith CH, Gold M, Davidson AR (2002) The solution structure of the bacteriophage lambda head-tail joining protein, gpFII. J Mol Biol 318:1395–1404 Katsura I, Tsugita A (1977) Purification and characterization of the major protein and the terminator protein of the bacteriophage lambda tail. Virology 76:129–145

Step 4. Draw an arrow from the tail of the first vector to the head of the last vector. This is the resultant, or the sum, of the other vectors. Tavares P, Zinn-Justin S, Orlova EV (2012) Genome gating in tailed bacteriophage capsids. Adv Exp Med Biol 726:585–600 AAA+ chaperones of the Clp/Hsp100 family play a major role in removing aggregated proteins in prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic cells, but their detailed mechanisms remain still largely unknown. The M-domain of ClpB has been revealed to have a crucial regulatory function through direct interactions with DnaK/Hsp70, but its location has never been clearly defined in an oligomeric assembly of ClpB or the related Hsp104. In his book titled Grooks, the Danish poet Piet Hein included a poem entitled “A Psychological Tip” which relates to the Freudian Coin Toss. The poem reads as follows:

Thomas JO, Sternberg N, Weisberg R (1978) Altered arrangement of the DNA in injection-defective lambda bacteriophage. J Mol Biol 123:149–161 To confirm the close proximity of motif 1 and motif 2 of neighbouring MDs we performed fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments using Q427W (motif 1) as FRET donor and IAEDANS labeled Q502C (motif 2) as FRET acceptor. The FRET pair (Förster radius of 22 Å) has a distance of 19.1 Å in the wild type model and was introduced into the tryptophan-free ClpB-W462Y/W543L variant. In addition we coupled the FRET pair to E432A and Y503D mutations, to monitor the consequences of repressed and hyperactive states on FRET efficiency. The distance between the FRET partners is either reduced (11.3 Å) or increased (35.9 Å) in models of the repressed and hyperactive variants, respectively ( Figure 4B). All ClpB variants were IAEDANS labeled with similar efficiencies (70–80%; Figure 4—figure supplement 2). High IAEDANS fluorescence and thus FRET efficiency was observed for wild type ClpB and E432A upon ClpB oligomerization. Increase in acceptor fluorescence in general correlated with reduced tryptophan emission except for ClpB wild type upon oligomerization. In contrast, IAEDANS fluorescence remained low under all conditions tested when the FRET pair was linked to Y503D ( Figure 4C). The middle domains are known to form coiled-coils, with protein helices coiled together like the strands of a rope. However, previous efforts to work out the structure of the ClpB complex did not clearly establish where these coiled-coils were positioned relative to the rest of the ring. For cryo EM of ClpB alone, the views were randomly oriented and the initial strategy was to extract clearly identifiable side views by MSA and classification. 7606 side views were used to generate a starting model by angular reconstitution, which was refined to 29 Å resolution ( Figure 1—figure supplement 3) by projection matching.

Farley MM, Tu J, Kearns DB, Molineux IJ, Liu J (2017) Ultrastructural analysis of bacteriophage Φ29 during infection of Bacillus subtilis. J Struct Biol 197:163–171 Moore SD, Prevelige PE Jr (2001) Structural transformations accompanying the assembly of bacteriophage P22 portal protein rings in vitro. J Biol Chem 276:6779–6788 To see how the method works, consider the following problem: Eric leaves the base camp and hikes 11 km, north and then hikes 11 km east. Determine Eric's resulting displacement.Casjens S, Hendrix R (1988) Control mechanisms in dsDNA bacteriophage assembly. In: Calendar R (ed) The bacteriophages, vol 1. Plenum Press, New York Thomas JO (1974) Chemical linkage of the tail to the right-hand end of bacteriophage lambda DNA. J Mol Biol 87:1–9 We disagree that an ADP-bound subunit is more similar to an empty state than to an ATP-bound one. HX experiments of ClpB did not reveal differences in protection patterns in ADP and ATPγS, arguing that the conformations are similar [Oguchi, Y, et al, Nat Struct Mol Biol, 2012]. Importantly, both ADP and ATPγS binding led to substantial increase in HX protection compared to nucleotide-free ClpB oligomers, including Walker A motif regions. These data indicate that the overall conformational state of ADP-bound ClpB is more similar to the ATP-bound state than to the empty one. Cardarelli L, Maxwell KL, Davidson AR (2011) Assembly mechanism is the key determinant of the dosage sensitivity of a phage structural protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:10168–10173