Small Scale, Big World: History, Culture, and Memory Hidden in Mini Crafts

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Salavat Fidai started his career as a lawyer; he only turned to art after being laid off during Russia’s fiscal crisis in 2013. With time on his hands, he returned to his childhood pastime of carving. Raised by artist-parents, he remembers sculpting forms from bits of chalk as a young boy.

This confusion creates several problems. First, it creates a misunderstanding; one that might convince us that a world of smallholder farmers is what we need. If they produced nearly all of the world’s food, perhaps that is a future we would want to maintain. Second, it might make us concerned about the future of the global food system if countries move towards larger farms. As countries get richer, the average farm size tends to increase. If nearly all of the world’s food came from small farms, perhaps we should be worried about this development. Downey, Allen B. (2016). "3". Think Complexity (PDF). Needham, Massachusetts: Green Tea Press. p.27. Watts DJ, Strogatz SH (June 1998). "Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks". Nature. 393 (6684): 440–2. Bibcode: 1998Natur.393..440W. doi: 10.1038/30918. PMID 9623998. S2CID 4429113. In January 2014 Westinghouse announced that was suspending work on its small modular reactors in the light of inadequate prospects for multiple deployment. The company said that it could not justify the economics of its SMR without government subsidies, unless it could supply 30 to 50 of them.It was therefore delaying its plans, though small reactors remain on its agenda. In 2016 however, the company was much more positive about SMRs. See also UK Support subsection below.However, in March 2017 BWXT suspended work on the mPower design, after Bechtel withdrew from the project.

In August 2022 the DOE's Nuclear Energy University Program granted funds to Core Power, the MIT Energy Initiative and Idaho National Laboratory (INL)to research the economic and environmental benefits of floating advanced nuclear power generation. UK support for SMRs Nuscale’s system is also integral, meaning the fuel, steam and generator will all be in one vessel. “This reduces the risk of accidents because there are less pipes to break,” says Reyes. The technology also uses the core’s heat to drive the coolant flow, eliminating the need for coolant pumps and moving parts that could fail. Each reactor will be self-contained, with multiple reactors sharing a cooling pool. It has been a linchpin for agricultural and development policies. But it is wrong. Recent studies suggest that this figure is too high: smallholder farmers produce around one-third of the world’s food, less than half of what these headlines claim. Solla S (2004). "Self-Sustained Activity in a Small-World Network of Excitable Neurons". Physical Review Letters. UC Santa Barbara, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics. 92 (19): 198101. arXiv: nlin/0309067. Bibcode: 2004PhRvL..92s8101R. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.198101. PMID 15169447. S2CID 14272272. Archived from the original on 2016-09-14 . Retrieved 2006-03-06.

Many of the SMR designs in development simply shrink the systems of large-scale nuclear plants, using less fuel. Nuscale’s reactor will be just 76 feet (23 metres) high. More than 125 Nuscale reactors could be put in a traditional reactor’s containment building, though the company plans to deploy them in groups of 12. But SMR opponents maintain that no matter the size, nuclear power has unresolved cost and safety concerns. To realise savings through mass manufacturing, there would need to be a standardised SMR design, critics say; currently, there are dozens. And SMRs would also have to be built in large quantities. But for a company to invest in making reactors and their components, it would need a reliable market, and many private investors are still wary of the new technology. Andrew Storer, chief executive of the Nuclear Advanced Manufacturing Research Center, which forecasts markets for nuclear power manufacturers, says that as far as supply chain companies go, “We’re advising people, ‘Don’t invest yet.’” Ponten SC, Bartolomei F, Stam CJ (April 2007). "Small-world networks and epilepsy: graph theoretical analysis of intracerebrally recorded mesial temporal lobe seizures". Clinical Neurophysiology. 118 (4): 918–27. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.12.002. PMID 17314065. S2CID 35927833.The UN FAO has also built many policy reports around this claim. The UN FAO declared 2014 the ‘Year of Family Farming’ with a focus on developing agricultural policies and support mechanisms for smallholder farmers. It later launched the UN decade of family farming, which runs from 2019 to 2028. What the definition of a ‘family farm’ is, is not clear. Sandberg O (2005). Searching in a Small World (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). Göteborg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology and Göteborg University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-03-16 . Retrieved 2013-12-12. Yang XS (July 2001). "Small‐world networks in geophysics". Geophysical Research Letters. 28 (13): 2549–52. arXiv: 1003.4886. Bibcode: 2001GeoRL..28.2549Y. doi: 10.1029/2000GL011898. S2CID 118655139. (2001)

Scale is a fundamental concept of geography and is as essential for understanding Earth and its environments as it is for implementing public policy. Its precise definition is often debated by geographers, in part, because various subfields of geography use scale in different ways. Generally, scale is a form of size.Developing scenarios to evacuate earth if needed, even though we would probably take 1,000 years to find the technical possibilities. In March 2019 BEIS released a 2016 report on microreactors that defined them as having a capacity up to 100 MWt/30 MWe, and projecting a global market for around 570 units of an average 5 MWe by 2030, total 2850 MWe. It notes that they are generally not water-moderated or water cooled, but "use a compact reactor and heat exchange arrangement, frequently integrated in a single reactor vessel." Most are HTRs.