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monarchs have no legitimate absolute power over their subjects. 4.1 The Second Treatise of Government On June 10, 1688, James II announced the birth of a son, and suddenly there was the specter of a Catholic succession. This convinced Tories, as English defenders of royal absolutism were known, to embrace Whig ideas of rebellion. The Dutchman William of Orange, who had married Mary, the Protestant daughter of James II, agreed to assume power in England as William III and recognize the supremacy of Parliament. On November 5, 1688, William crossed the English Channel with ships and soldiers. James II summoned English forces, but they were badly split between Catholics and Protestants. Within a month, James II fled to France. This was the “Glorious Revolution,” so-called because it helped secure Protestant succession and Parliamentary supremacy without violence. lives for altruistic punishment of international crimes. 6. Separation of Powers and the Dissolution of Government Wright, Edmund, ed. (2006). The Desk Encyclopedia of World History. New York: Oxford University Press. p.374. ISBN 978-0-7394-7809-7.

For Berkeley, ostensibly physical objects like tables and chairs are really nothing more than collections of sensible ideas. Since no idea can exist outside a mind, it follows that tables and chairs, as well all the other furniture of the physical world, exist only insofar as they are in the mind of someone—i.e., only insofar as they are perceived. For any nonthinking being, esse est percipi (“to be is to be perceived”). a b Hundley, Norris (2001). The Great Thirst: Californians and Water- A History. Berkeley: University of California Press. John W. Yolton (2000). Realism and Appearances: An Essay in Ontology. Cambridge University Press. p.136. a b c "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010. He is usually considered the first of the British Empiricists, the movement which included George Berkeley and David Hume, and which provided the main opposition to the 17th Century Continental Rationalists. He argued that all of our ideas are ultimately derived from experience, and the knowledge of which we are capable is therefore severely limited in its scope and certainty.Baird, Forrest E.; Walter Kaufmann (2008). From Plato to Derrida. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp.527–529. ISBN 978-0-13-158591-1. Clarke [née Jepp], Mary". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (onlineed.). Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/ref:odnb/66720. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Fallacies: classical and contemporary readings. Hansen, Hans V., Pinto, Robert C. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0-271-01416-6. OCLC 30624864. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: others ( link) This theory came to be called associationism, going on to strongly influence 18th-century thought, particularly educational theory, as nearly every educational writer warned parents not to allow their children to develop negative associations. It also led to the development of psychology and other new disciplines with David Hartley's attempt to discover a biological mechanism for associationism in his Observations on Man (1749). Tis a Mistake to think this Fault [tyranny] is proper only to Monarchies; other Forms of Government are liable to it, as well as that. For where-ever the Power that is put in any hands for the Government of the People, and the Preservation of their Properties, is applied to other ends, and made use of to impoverish, harass, or subdue them to the Arbitrary and Irregular Commands of those that have it: There it presently becomes Tyranny, whether those that thus use it are one or many.

Stahl, H. (1957). "Baptisten". Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart (in German). 3 (1), col. 863 {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript ( link) Updated versions of Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Second Treatise of Government, Letter on Toleration and Conduct of the Understanding, edited (i.e. modernized and abridged) by Jonathan Bennett

Locke’s Two Treatises on Government

Early Modern Philosophy divided itself into two schools: rationalism and empiricism. Much like philosophical reasoning itself, the divide stems from the minds of the ancient Greeks.

Halbrooks, G. Thomas; Erich Geldbach; Bill J. Leonard; Brian Stanley (2011). "Baptists". Religion Past and Present. doi: 10.1163/1877-5888_rpp_COM_01472. ISBN 978-90-04-14666-2. Archived from the original on 9 February 2021 . Retrieved 2 June 2020. .Nelson, Eric (2019). The Theology of Liberalism: Political Philosophy and the Justice of God. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-24094-0. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020 . Retrieved 24 April 2020. Rousseau, George S. (2004), Nervous Acts: Essays on Literature, Culture and Sensibility, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-1-4039-3453-6 whenever the Legislators endeavor to take away, and destroy the Property of the People, or to reduce them to Slavery under Arbitrary Power, they put themselves into a state of War with the People, who are thereupon absolved from any farther Obedience, and are left to the common Refuge, which God hath provided for all Men, against Force and Violence. Whensoever therefore the Legislative shall transgress this fundamental Rule of Society; and either by Ambition, Fear, Folly or Corruption, endeavor to grasp themselves, or put into the hands of any other an Absolute Power over the Lives, Liberties, and Estates of the People; By this breach of Trust they forfeit the Power, the People had put into their hands, for quite contrary ends, and it devolves to the People, who have a Right to resume their original Liberty. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (a liberal by modern standards) dramatically expanded the scope of government in his New Deal policy in 1933 to bail his state out of the Great Depression. In this view, a larger and more powerful government would facilitate the liberties of its people. This source of ideas every man has wholly within himself; and though it be not sense, as having nothing to do with external objects, yet it is very like it, and might properly enough be called 'internal sense.' [67]