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BERTA – Eesti rahvakalendri tähtpäevade andmebaas". folklore.ee. Archived from the original on February 19, 2016. Some researchers have theorized that Gelasius I replaced Lupercalia with the celebration of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary and claim a connection to the 14th century's connotations of romantic love, but there is no historical indication that he ever intended such a thing. [notes 2] [51] [52] Also, the dates do not fit because at the time of Gelasius I, the feast was only celebrated in Jerusalem, and it was on February 14 only because Jerusalem placed the Nativity of Jesus (Christmas) on January 6. [notes 3] Although it was called "Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary", it also dealt with the presentation of Jesus at the temple. [53] Jerusalem's Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary on February 14 became the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple on February 2 as it was introduced to Rome and other places in the sixth century, after Gelasius I's time. [53] In Finland, Valentine's Day is called ystävänpäivä, which means "Friend's Day". As the name indicates, this day is more about remembering friends, not significant others. In Estonia, Valentine's Day was originally called valentinipäev and later also sõbrapäev ('Friend's Day') as a calque of the Finnish term. [172] France On Saint Valentine's Day in Ireland, many individuals who seek true love make a Christian pilgrimage to the Shrine of St. Valentine in Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church in Dublin, which is said to house relics of Saint Valentine of Rome; they pray at the shrine in hope of finding romance. [176] There lies a book in which foreigners and locals have written their prayer requests for love. [177] Poland
Saint Valentine supposedly wore a purple amethyst ring, customarily worn on the hands of Christian bishops with an image of Cupid engraved in it, a recognizable symbol associated with love that was legal under the Roman Empire; [41] [44] Roman soldiers would recognize the ring and ask him to perform marriage for them. [41] Probably due to the association with Saint Valentine, amethyst has become the birthstone of February, which is thought to attract love. [45] Folk traditionsMalaysia Arrests 100 Muslim Couples for Celebrating Lovers' Day". The Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on February 19, 2011 . Retrieved August 6, 2011. Valentine is not 'haram', says ex-Saudi religious police boss". Arab News. February 15, 2018. Archived from the original on March 24, 2023 . Retrieved January 15, 2022. There are a number of martyrdom stories associated with various Saint Valentines connected to February 14, [5] including an account of the imprisonment of Saint Valentine of Rome for ministering to Christians persecuted under the Roman Empire in the third century. [6] [7] According to an early tradition, Saint Valentine restored sight to the blind daughter of his jailer. [8] Numerous later additions to the legend have better related it to the theme of love: tradition maintains that Saint Valentine performed weddings for Christian soldiers who were forbidden to marry by the Roman emperor; [7] an 18th-century embellishment to the legend claims he wrote the jailer's daughter a letter signed "Your Valentine" as a farewell before his execution; [9]
Schuster, Ildefonso (1927). The Sacramentary: (Liber Sacramentorum): Historical & Liturgical Notes on the Roman Missal. Burns, Oates & Washbourne Ltd. p.429. VALENTINE, PRIEST AND MARTYR Station at the Cemetery of Valentine on the Via Flaminia. The festival of this martyr, who suffered during the persecution under the Emperor Claudius II, is to be found in the Gelasian Sacramentary. His sepulchral basilica on the Via Flaminia, built by Pope Julius I (341–52), and restored by Honorius I, was the first to greet the pilgrims as they approached the Eternal City, eagerly desirous of visiting the sepulchres of the ancient heroes of the Faith. Teahan, Madeleine (February 12, 2016). "Bishops release novena for single Catholics ahead of St Valentine's Day". The Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on February 13, 2016 . Retrieved February 12, 2016. The Catholic Encyclopedia speaks of a third saint named Valentine who was mentioned in early martyrologies under date of February 14. He was martyred in Africa with a number of companions, but nothing more is known about him. [24] White Day Triggers Consumption Enthusiasm". china.org.cn. China Internet Information Center. Archived from the original on December 6, 2020 . Retrieved March 13, 2014.
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Noori, Hikmat (February 14, 2022). "Separated on Valentine's Day: the Afghan lovers with only bittersweet memories". The National. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022 . Retrieved February 14, 2022. On the United States mainland, about 190 million Valentine's Day cards are sent each year, not including the hundreds of millions of cards school children exchange. [102] The rise of Internet popularity at the turn of the millennium is creating new traditions. Millions of people use, every year, digital means of creating and sending Valentine's Day greeting messages such as e-cards, love coupons or printable greeting cards. Valentine's Day is considered by some to be a Hallmark holiday due to its commercialization. [88] Who brought Valentine to Iran?". Imna News (in Persian). February 14, 2020. Archived from the original on August 9, 2022 . Retrieved August 9, 2022.
February 14 is celebrated as St. Valentine's Day in various Christian denominations; it has, for example, the rank of 'commemoration' in the calendar of saints in the Anglican Communion. [14] The feast day of Saint Valentine is given in the calendar of saints of the Lutheran Church. [15] In the 1969 revision of the Roman Catholic Calendar of Saints, the feast day of Saint Valentine on February 14 was relegated from the General Roman Calendar to particular (local or even national) calendars for the following reason: "Though the memorial of Saint Valentine is ancient, it is left to particular calendars, since, apart from his name, nothing is known of Saint Valentine except that he was buried on the Via Flaminia on February 14." [25] Therefore, as he remains within the Roman Martyrology, he may recognised optionally during mass outside of Christmastide and Eastertide. [26] a b David James Harkness, Legends and Lore: Southerns Indians Flowers Holidays, vol. XL, No. 2, April 1961, University of Tennessee Newsletter (bimonthly), p. 15. He said "We are not against love, but we criticize vulgar exhibition of love at public places". [131]
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a b "Valentine's Day spending is global". Mast Media. February 13, 2014. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016.
Iranians celebrate Valentine's Day, despite its being banned". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. February 14, 2018. Archived from the original on September 16, 2021 . Retrieved September 17, 2021. Basu, Tanya (November 18, 2014). "The Politics of PDA in India". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on February 14, 2018 . Retrieved February 13, 2018. BBC (February 15, 2012). "Religious police swoop on Valentine's Day lovers". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 5, 2016. a b Meg Sullivan (February 1, 2001). "Henry Ansgar Kelly, Valentine's Day". UCLA Spotlight. Archived from the original on April 3, 2017. In 2016, the local governing body of Peshwar officially banned the celebration of Valentine's Day in the city. The ban was also implemented in other cities such as Kohat by the local governments. [154]
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a b Kliner, Pavla (February 15, 2008). "Sv. Valentin, prvi spomladin"[St Valentin, the First Spring Saint]. Gorenjski glas (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on January 18, 2013. In the United States, the first mass-produced Valentines of embossed paper lace were produced and sold shortly after 1847 by Esther Howland (1828–1904) of Worcester, Massachusetts. [76] [77] Her father operated a large book and stationery store, but Howland took her inspiration from an English Valentine she had received from a business associate of her father. [78] [79] Intrigued with the idea of making similar Valentines, Howland began her business by importing paper lace and floral decorations from England. [79] [80] J.C. Cooper, in The Dictionary of Christianity, writes that Saint Valentine was "a priest of Rome who was imprisoned for succouring persecuted Christians." [30] Contemporary records of Saint Valentine were most probably destroyed during this Diocletianic Persecution in the early 4th century. [31] In the 5th or 6th century, a work called Passio Marii et Marthae published a story of martyrdom for Saint Valentine of Rome, perhaps by borrowing tortures that happened to other saints, as was usual in the literature of that period. [31] [32] Valentine's Day: Definition, History, & Traditions". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021 . Retrieved February 14, 2021. Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (1894). A Dictionary of Miracles: Imitative, Realistic, and Dogmatic. J. B. Lippincott & Co. p.384. St. Valentine, laying his hand upon her eyes, said in prayer, "O Thou who art the true Light, give light to this Thy servant." Instantly sight was restored to the blind child. Asterius and his wife, falling at the feet of Valentine, prayed that they might be admitted into the Christian fellowship; whereupon St. Valentine commanded them to break their idols, to fast for three days, to forgive their enemies, and to be baptized. Asterius and his wife did all the saint told them to do, and Valentine baptized them and all their household, to the number of forty-six in all. — Les Petits Bollandistes, vol. ii. pp. 510, 511.
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