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Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: high calcium/vitamin D levels (hypercalcemia/hypervitaminosis D), difficulty absorbing nutrition from food ( malabsorption syndrome), kidney disease, liver disease. Dehydrocholesterol is the precursor of cholecalciferol. [2] Within the epidermal layer of skin, 7-dehydrocholesterol undergoes an electrocyclic reaction as a result of UVB light at wavelengths between 290 and 315nm, with peak synthesis occurring between 295 and 300nm. [38] This results in the opening of the vitamin precursor B-ring through a conrotatory pathway making previtamin D 3 (pre-cholecalciferol). [39] In a process which is independent of UV light, the pre-cholecalciferol then undergoes a [1,7] antarafacial sigmatropic rearrangement [40] and therein finally isomerizes to form vitamin D 3. Australia and New Zealand published nutrient reference values including guidelines for dietary vitamin D intake in 2006. [114] About a third of Australians have vitamin D deficiency. [125] [126] European Union [ edit ] Osteomalacia is a disease in adults that results from vitamin D deficiency. [1] Characteristics of this disease are softening of the bones, leading to bending of the spine, proximal muscle weakness, bone fragility, and increased risk for fractures. [1] Osteomalacia reduces calcium absorption and increases calcium loss from bone, which increases the risk for bone fractures. Osteomalacia is usually present when 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are less than about 10 ng/mL. [51] Although the effects of osteomalacia are thought to contribute to chronic musculoskeletal pain, there is no persuasive evidence of lower vitamin D levels in people with chronic pain [52] or that supplementation alleviates chronic nonspecific musculoskeletal pain. [53] Osteomalacia progress to osteoporosis, a condition of reduced bone mineral density with increased bone fragility and risk of bone fractures. Osteoporosis can be a long-term effect of calcium and/or vitamin D insufficiency, the latter contributing by reducing calcium absorption. [2] Use of supplements [ edit ] Cholecalciferol was first described in 1936. [11] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [12] In 2020, it was the 60th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 11 million prescriptions. [13] [14] Cholecalciferol is available as a generic medication and over the counter. [8] [15] [16] Medical uses [ edit ]
For all forms of vitamin D (sunlight, food, and supplements), the recommended dosage is 4,000 IUs for people nine years of age or older. Without a blood test I would not recommend going higher than that. Side Effects of D3 Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).
How to Get Vitamin D3
Chen C, Zhai H, Cheng J, Weng P, Chen Y, Li Q, etal. (August 2019). "Causal Link Between Vitamin D and Total Testosterone in Men: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 104 (8): 3148–3156. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-01874. PMID 30896763. S2CID 84841517. Keeping a healthy store of vitamin D gives added protection to such diseases as cancer, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes. Getting enough vitamin D may be another way to avoid the nasty flu virus. Studies have found that getting enough vitamin D may potentially cut your chances in half of coming down with the flu. 6) Heart Disease The active vitamin D metabolite calcitriol mediates its biological effects by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is principally located in the nuclei of target cells. [1] [16] The binding of calcitriol to the VDR allows the VDR to act as a transcription factor that modulates the gene expression of transport proteins (such as TRPV6 and calbindin), which are involved in calcium absorption in the intestine. [18] The vitamin D receptor belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily of steroid/thyroid hormone receptors, and VDRs are expressed by cells in most organs, including the brain, heart, skin, gonads, prostate and breast. Too much vitamin D can cause harmful high calcium levels. Tell your doctor right away if any of these signs of high vitamin D/ calcium levels occur: nausea/ vomiting, constipation, loss of appetite, increased thirst, increased urination, mental/mood changes, unusual tiredness.
Coulston AM, Boushey C, Ferruzzi M (2013). Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease. Academic Press. p.818. ISBN 9780123918840. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016 . Retrieved 29 December 2016. Our bodies make vitamin D3, cholecalciferol. At the supplement counter, you can choose from D3 or D2. Vitamin D2 is ergocalciferol, which differs slightly from D3 but behaves the same way in the body. D3 is slightly more potent. Gorham ED, Garland CF, Garland FC, Grant WB, Mohr SB, Lipkin M, etal. (March 2007). "Optimal vitamin D status for colorectal cancer prevention: a quantitative meta analysis". American Journal of Preventive Medicine (Meta-Analysis). 32 (3): 210–6. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.11.004. PMID 17296473.Holland & Barrett Vitamin D3 contributes towards the maintenance of normal bones, muscle function and the immune system. The conversion from ergosterol to vitamin D 2 follows a similar procedure, forming previtamin D 2 by photolysis, which isomerizes to vitamin D 2 ( ergocalciferol). [172] The transformation of previtamin D 2 to vitamin D 2 in methanol has a rate comparable to that of
A review published in 2015 noted that adverse effects have been reported only at 25(OH)D serum concentrations above 200 nmol/L. [153]
Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval. Non-government organisations in Europe have made their own recommendations. The German Society for Nutrition recommends 20 μg. [128] The European Menopause and Andropause Society recommends postmenopausal women consume 15 μg (600 IU) until age 70, and 20 μg (800 IU) from age 71. This dose should be increased to 100 μg (4,000 IU) in some patients with very low vitamin D status or in case of co-morbid conditions. [129] Sources [ edit ] Authorities disagree about how much vitamin D the body needs. In the United States, the Daily Value (DV) for vitamin D has been set at 800 International Units (IU). The VDR regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. Vitamin D also affects the immune system, and VDRs are expressed in several white blood cells, including monocytes and activated T and B cells. [21] In vitro, vitamin D increases expression of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene in adrenal medullary cells, and affects the synthesis of neurotrophic factors, nitric oxide synthase, and glutathione. [22]
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2016 [117] reviewed the current evidence, finding the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and musculoskeletal health outcomes is widely variable. They considered that average requirements and population reference intakes values for vitamin D cannot be derived, and that a serum 25(OH)D concentration of 50 nmol/L was a suitable target value. For all people over the age of 1, including women who are pregnant or lactating, they set an adequate intake of 15 μg/day (600 IU). [117]British national formulary: BNF 69 (69ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. pp.703–704. ISBN 9780857111562. The EFSA reviewed safe levels of intake in 2012, [118] setting the tolerable upper limit for adults at 100 μg/day (4000 IU), a similar conclusion as the IOM. Trials have demonstrated lower vitamin D levels are highly prevalent in people with schizophrenia, particularly those with acute episodes. [100] Pregnancy [ edit ] Researchers have reported that the compound is less toxic to non-target species than earlier generations of anticoagulant rodenticides ( Warfarin and congeners) or Bromethalin, [52] and that relay toxicosis (poisoning by eating a poisoned animal) has not been documented. [15] Nevertheless, the same source reports that use of cholecalciferol in rodenticides may still pose a significant hazard to other animals, such as dogs and cats, when rodenticide bait or other forms of cholecalciferol are directly ingested. [15] See also [ edit ]
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