Men's Skull Cap Muslim Islamic Prayer Hat Topi Kufi (One Size, Black Mercan)

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Goldschmidt, Arthur Jr.; Davidson, Lawrence (2005). A Concise History of the Middle East (8thed.). Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-4275-7.

Mosques built in Southeast Asia often represent the Indonesian-Javanese style architecture, which are different from the ones found throughout the Greater Middle East. The ones found in Europe and North America appear to have various styles but most are built on Western architectural designs, some are former churches or other buildings that were used by non-Muslims. In Africa, most mosques are old but the new ones are built in imitation of those of the Middle East. This can be seen in the Abuja National Mosque in Nigeria and others. [ citation needed] Rezk, Rawya (January 26, 2006). "Muslim Women Seek More Equitable Role in Mosques". The Columbia Journalist. Archived from the original on May 27, 2006 . Retrieved April 9, 2006. Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford, Eng.: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911. Ahmed, Akbar S. (2002). Discovering Islam: Making Sense of Muslim History and Society. Abingdon, Eng.: Psychology Press. ISBN 9780415285254. Netton, Ian Richard (1996). Seek Knowledge: Thought and Travel in the House of Islam (annotateded.). Abingdon, Eng.: Psychology Press. ISBN 9780700703401.

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Creswell, K. A. C. (March 1926). "The Evolution of the Minaret, with Special Reference to Egypt-I". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 48 (276): 134–140. JSTOR 862832. Blake, Stephen P. (1999). Half the world: the social architecture of Safavid Isfahan, 1590-1722. Mazda Pub. pp.143–144. ISBN 978-1-56859-087-5 . Retrieved 21 February 2013.

Reid, Richard J. (12 January 2012). "The Islamic Frontier in Eastern Africa". A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present. John Wiley and Sons. p.106. ISBN 978-0-4706-5898-7 . Retrieved 15 March 2015.The traditional women's attire is the wrapper, with hijab (worn as a turban or turban with additional scarf covering the sides of the head. Bellows, Keith, ed. (2008). Sacred Places of a Lifetime: 500 of the World's Most Peaceful and Powerful Destinations. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Books. ISBN 9781426203367. Darpan, Pratiyogita (February 2009). Pratiyogita Darpan. Pratiyogita Darpan. p.1509 . Retrieved 21 February 2013.

a b c d e f g h i j k John L. Esposito, ed. (2014). "Mosque". The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. Our leader is called an Imam. At Friday prayers the Imam shares Islamic teachings and leads us in Salah. That’s a prayer with special movements. Each set of movements is called a Rakah. The prayer cap is called a topi, see Topi cap. Pakistani men wear a variety of other caps including the Sindhi topi, a mirrored cap with a front opening that allows the wearer to place the forehead on the ground during prayer, see Sindhi cap. Other caps include the karakul (hat), fez (hat) and pakol.

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Esposito, John (1998). Islam: The Straight Path (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp.9, 12. ISBN 978-0-19-511234-4. Ablution facilities The wudu ("ablution") area, where Muslims wash their hands, forearm, face and feet before they pray. Example from the Badshahi Mosque, Lahore, Pakistan Goodstein, Laurie (7 August 2010). "Battles Around Nation Over Proposed Mosques" . Retrieved 2018-06-28. The Taqiyah ( Arabic: طاقية, ALA-LC: ṭāqīyah [note 1]), also known as tagiyah or araqchin ( Persian: عرقچین), and not to be confused with, is a short, rounded skullcap. It is similar to the Kufi, another cap culturally worn by many Muslim men and many populations in North Africa, East Africa, West Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East. [1] Leadership at prayer falls into three categories, depending on the type of prayer: five daily prayers, Friday prayer, or optional prayers. [98] According to the Hanafi and Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence, appointment of a prayer leader for Friday service is mandatory because otherwise the prayer is invalid. The Shafi'i and Hanbali schools argue that the appointment is not necessary and the prayer is valid as long as it is performed in a congregation. A slave may lead a Friday prayer, but Muslim authorities disagree over whether the job can be done by a minor. [98] An imam appointed to lead Friday prayers may also lead at the five daily prayers; Muslim scholars agree to the leader appointed for five daily services may lead the Friday service as well. [98]