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After the end of Roman rule in Britain in about 410, the kingdom of Dumnonia emerged covering Devon, Cornwall and Somerset, based on the former Roman civitas and named after the pre-Roman Dumnonii. Gildas castigated King Constantine, who was probably a second generation ruler of Dumnonia in the early sixth century. [7] The Roman episcopal structure survived, and shortly before 705 Aldhelm, abbot of Malmesbury, wrote a letter to King Geraint of Dumnonia and his bishops. [8] Within four years, a sequence of four English translations of the Bible were published in England at the king's behest, but based on Tyndale's work: Miles Coverdale's, Thomas Matthew's, Richard Taverner's, and the Great Bible which had various objectionable features removed. [49] Theological views edit By the early 16th century, the Wycliffite translations were becoming less and less comprehensible as the English language changed from Middle English to Early Modern English. [13] : 320 Classical and Koine Greek texts became widely available to the European scholarly community for the first time in centuries, as it welcomed Greek-speaking scholars, philosophers, intellectuals, and the manuscripts they carried to Catholic Europe as refugees following the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
In 1530, he wrote The Practice of Prelates, opposing Henry VIII's desire to secure the annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in favour of Anne Boleyn, on the grounds that it was unscriptural and that it was a plot by Cardinal Wolsey to get Henry entangled in the papal courts of Pope Clement VII. [33] [34] The king's wrath was aimed at Tyndale. Henry asked Emperor Charles V to have the writer apprehended and returned to England under the terms of the Treaty of Cambrai; however, the emperor responded that formal evidence was required before extradition. [35] Tyndale developed his case in An Answer unto Sir Thomas More's Dialogue. [36] Betrayal and death editDaniell, David (2001) [1994], William Tyndale: A Biography, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, p. 382–383, ISBN 978-0-300-06880-1 .
Draper, Martin, ed. (1982). The Cloud of Witnesses: A Companion to the Lesser Festivals and Holydays of the Alternative Service Book, 1980. London: The Alcuin Club. Nielson, Jon; Skousen, Royal (1998). "How Much of the King James Bible Is William Tyndale's?". Reformation. 3 (1): 49–74. doi: 10.1179/ref_1998_3_1_004. ISSN 1357-4175. Tyndale, William. "Tyndale's New Testament (Young.152)". Cambridge Digital Library. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016 . Retrieved 19 July 2016. The third female Nobel laureate in economics, Claudia Goldin, whose prize was announced a few weeks ago, could appear in a new edition. The prize was awarded for “having advanced our understanding of women’s labour market outcomes”, and two of the insights cited in the prize statement are of interest in relation to Reeves’s themes: that there have been long periods of economic development over the course of which female participation in paid labour markets has fallen; and that wage discrimination – the gender gap between male and female workers in similar occupations – is explained substantially by social norms and expectations about parental responsibilities. Brian Moynahan writes: "A complete analysis of the Authorised Version, known down the generations as 'the AV' or 'the King James', was made in 1998. It shows that Tyndale's words account for 84% of the New Testament and for 75.8% of the Old Testament books that he translated." [67] Joan Bridgman comments on the Contemporary Review that, "He [Tyndale] is the mainly unrecognized translator of the most influential book in the world. Although the Authorised King James Version is ostensibly the production of a learned committee of churchmen, it is mostly cribbed from Tyndale with some reworking of his translation." [68]atonement", OED, 1513 MORE Rich. III Wks. 41 Having more regarde to their olde variaunce then their newe attonement. [...] 1513 MORE Edw. V Wks. 40 of which... none of vs hath any thing the lesse nede, for the late made attonemente. Daniell, David (19 May 2011). "Tyndale, William (c.1494–1536)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/ref:odnb/27947. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.), The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: "Tyndale, William" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 57. 1899. Tyndale's translation of the Bible was used for subsequent English translations, including the Great Bible and the Bishops' Bible, authorized by the Church of England. In 1611, after seven years of work, the 47 scholars who produced the King James Version [3] of the Bible drew extensively from Tyndale's original work and other translations that descended from his. [4] One estimate suggests that the New Testament in the King James Version is 83% Tyndale's words and the Old Testament 76%. [5] [6] Starkey, David (1987). "Intimacy and Innovation: the Rise of the Privy Chamber, 1485–1547". In Starkey, David (ed.). The English Court: From the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War. Harlow: Longman. pp. 71–118. ISBN 9780582492813. Cooper, Thompson (1899), "Walter, Henry" , in Lee, Sidney (ed.), Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 59, London: Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 246–247
Tyndale, William (1989) [Antwerp, 1534], The New Testament (modern English spelling, complete with Prologues to the books and marginal notes, with the original Greek paragraphs reprint ed.), Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-04419-4 The first biographical film about Tyndale, titled William Tindale, was released in 1937. [78] [79] Arnold Wathen Robinson depicted Tyndale's life in stained glass windows for the Tyndale Baptist Church ca. 1955. The 1975 novel The Hawk that Dare Not Hunt by Day by Scott O'Dell fictionalizes Tyndale and the smuggling of his Bible into England. The film God's Outlaw: The Story of William Tyndale, was released in 1986. The 1998 film Stephen's Test of Faith includes a long scene with Tyndale, how he translated the Bible, and how he was put to death. [80] An innate tendency towards the untheoretical can be excluded, and there are multiple female mathematicians. But are women economists irresistibly drawn to the investigation of the everyday economy? Is it because of what Drake described, with an ironical distance, as “irregular timekeeping”, in the sense of always being distracted by domestic life? Or is it because no woman economist – or at least no one who started to study economics, as I did, in the late 20th century – has been without the jarring experience of being confronted with social norms about family responsibilities?While translating, Tyndale followed Erasmus's 1522 Greek edition of the New Testament. In his preface to his 1534 New Testament ("WT unto the Reader"), he not only goes into some detail about the Greek tenses but also points out that there is often a Hebrew idiom underlying the Greek. [65] The Tyndale Society adduces much further evidence to show that his translations were made directly from the original Hebrew and Greek sources he had at his disposal. For example, the Prolegomena in Mombert's William Tyndale's Five Books of Moses show that Tyndale's Pentateuch is a translation of the Hebrew original. His translation also drew on the Latin Vulgate and Luther's 1521 September Testament. [66]
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