Stony Road

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Overall there is a lot to learn and think about here. What an interesting and extremely relevant point in time. I definitely recommend. In the USA, this is a time for hope and concern. There are many issues in play regarding race, but the element of racism is at the top of the list. Many of my GR friends know of my interest in what happened to the USA in the 19th century period after the Civil War. This was a war that was fought because the USA could not continue to exist “half slave and half free.” While the victors were generous in many ways, they incorporated the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution to protect the freedom of those former slaves and make sure that they had the full rights of citizenship. It is my belief that the “rise of Jim Crow” and other aspects of white supremacy needs to be fully accepted if we are to have a pluralistic and functional nation. Gates goes through this period combing out the details of incremental reversals that include: the Supreme Court’s mitigation of those Amendments; their overturning of the Civil Rights Act of 1875: the Compromise of 1877; and, its continues to the Wilson administration’s reinstitution of segregation in government offices, and the caustic uses of mass media as propaganda tools against people of color.

The river was made shallower by dropping stones into it, which reinforced the riverbed and made the water more shallow - this could be partly the reason why it was called 'Stony' Stratford. Travellers preferred to cross the Ouse during the safety of daylight and so the hotels and inns benefitted and thrived in the town. On flood days, travellers' journeys could be delayed, which proved more lucrative for the merchants and innkeepers of the town! The recreated map of Stony Stratford in 1680 (see illustration - right) indicates the presence of "Pest Houses" (probably 'plague houses' - for the isolation of those suffering from the disease) on the edge of town near Horn Lane. When did it happen, ancestors deciding it was ok to own another human being? Then comes a war challenging such a decision. Those who are imposed upon find ways around the imposition. Changes happen in the letter of the law of things, but in spirit they do not. . .turns out all that is decided is that it is wrong to own another person, but it is perfectly ok to isolate, strip rights away and vilify the supposed victors. By use of culture and tradition, careful circumvention of changes instituted by those in power. . .well, there's more than one way to skin a cat. And if the those in power just look the other way - so tired of wars and fighting over this. . .a problem already solved. . . First of all, shout out to the Seattle Public Library for having really cool books like this...for free!! We love that.The impact which this had is reflected in the photos of the time, such as the one shown here. People stopped amidst the routine of their daily lives to watch the spectacle of the military march-past. The passage of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution and enabling legisation (augmented by stringent conditions placed on Southern states for reentry to the union) gave freed people a full panoply of civic rights, most especially the franchise. Newly freed slaves gained substantial political power, and elected offices, as the result of the vote. Dating from the presidential election of 1877, where an orchestrated compromise gave the presidency to Hayes in exchange for removing federal oversight of several formerly confederate states, the national concern for civil rights for the emancipated population waned considerably. The so-called "Lost Cause" mythology emerged that held that South failed in its rupture from the union only because of the overwhelming military and industral superiority of the North, but the merits of the Southern ethos on the hierarchy of the races still held. The never-settled question of the respective powers of the federal government v state's rights played a significant role in several Supreme Court decisions that eviscerated civil rights legislation combined with growing indifference in the North to the affairs of the South, led to the resurgance of white suzerainty over political and social matters in the South. There then came a period known as the “Harlem Renaissance”, but the true renaissance was not in literary or visual artists.

He was the only one of the family to survive what Francois Maurois, in his introduction, calls the "human holocaust" of the persecution of the Jews, which began with the restrictions, the singularization of the yellow star, the enclosure within the ghetto, and went on to the mass deportations to the ovens of Auschwitz and Buchenwald. There are unforgettable and horrifying scenes here in this spare and sombre memoir of this experience of the hanging of a child, of his first farewell with his father who leaves him an inheritance of a knife and a spoon, and of his last goodbye at Buchenwald his father's corpse is already cold let alone the long months of survival under unconscionable conditions. The measurements indicated are supplied for guidance only and as such must be considered incorrect.This is a text book of a sort, but it is well-presented and calmly delivered, without rancor or giving rise to defensiveness. Here is a teacher's voice, with hope and expectations for better choices in the years to come. Throughout the ages, Watling Street and its important crossing over the River Ouse have created the need for services for travellers and pilgrims. By Norman times (1066 -1100) Stony Stratford had become a market town boasting two churches, a market square and Horsefair Green (the latter was not mentioned before 1400).