Cocaine True, Cocaine Blue

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The second model (depicted as B in Figure 4) is an ANN model with PCA pre‐scaling for classification between cocaine HCl and cocaine base classes followed by two separate bagged tree ensembles for predicting a concentration for spectra within each class. The ANN model is applied on the PCs following PCA data reduction of the spectral data such that 99% of the variation is included in the PCs. In this data set 19 PCs were used to satisfy this criterion. As a result, the ANN model predicts the salt form (HCl or base) in the form of a probability value for all spectra in the database. Spectra with probabilities within the 0–0.05 and 0.95–1 ranges are, respectively, assigned to the “HCl” or “base” class, whereas all spectra with probabilities outside these ranges are not assigned to a class. As a next step, two separate treebag regression models are trained for both cocaine types. A treebag, bagged tree, or bagging classification and regression trees is an ensemble of decision trees using a bootstrap aggregating (bagging) algorithm for regression or classification. Cocaine is metabolized primarily in the liver, with less than 1% of the parent drug being excreted in the urine. demonstrated the correct classification of the origin and quality of rice by both kNN and SVM machine learning models applied on short‐range (740–1070 nm) NIR spectra after multiplicative scatter correction as preprocessing and PCA for data dimensionality reduction. Another example is the detection of counterfeit tablets among genuine pharmaceutical products for several active pharmaceutical ingredients. Cocaine is one of the most abundant drugs of abuse worldwide, with an estimated global annual production of ~2000 metric tons of pure cocaine.

Bacon loves ideas: he has them all the time, making notes on his phone, then worrying away at them, sometimes for months, until they take the shape of something he can imagine on TV. The process of “coming up with an angle, getting excited about it, gives me a high. I’ve had quite a few unnatural highs in my life, but it’s a real natural high.” He laughs, and adds: “The sort of high that I’m not going to get fired for!” At some level in our teens, 20s and 30s, we think we’re going to live for ever There are some key differences between the two substances, particularly in the ways in which each is used and the adverse health effects each creates. Chemical Makeup Overall cocaine use in these groups declined in 2021 with cocaine showing a relative decline in annual prevalence for the three grades combined of 57% (p<.001). This results in an overall annual prevalence at 0.7%, down from 1.4% in 2020.

What is cocaine?

Other symptoms of cocaine use or overdose include difficulty breathing, high blood pressure, high body temperature, hallucinations, and extreme agitation or anxiety. GtrWorkShp. "Stefan Grossman teaches "Cocaine Blues" ". Youtube.com. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021 . Retrieved November 20, 2011.

Kemper, Wolf-Reinhard. Kokain in der Musik: Bestandsaufnahme und Analyse aus kriminologischer Sicht'. Berlin-Hamburg-Münster: LIT Verlag, 2001 ISBN 3-8258-5316-0, ISBN 978-3-8258-5316-7 Therefore, extensive data preprocessing followed by chemometric data modeling is needed to extract useful information from the data. Several studies have already shown that chemometric analysis of the data is of great use to apply NIR devices operating at longer‐wavelength ranges in forensic casework.

Cocaine use in pregnancy

In addition to cocaine, the global illicit‐drug market consists of many other substances such as the conventional synthetic drugs amphetamine, methamphetamine, and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as well as many new psychoactive substances (NPSs) and precursor chemicals that can be controlled depending on national legislation. The great variety of substances is not the only challenge when developing suitable indicative tests for drug‐suspected seizures; street samples are often not pure, because they are regularly adulterated with cutting agents. These cutting agents occur in great variety, and common adulterants for cocaine include sugars (eg , mannitol, inositol), caffeine, phenacetin, lidocaine, procaine, paracetamol, and levamisole. The sympathomimetic properties of cocaine are related to the above-mentioned inhibition of noradrenaline reuptake via noradrenaline transporter (NAT). Because cocaine impedes this reuptake of noradrenaline, and thus increases its availability, there will be an increase in the stimulation of the α- and β-adrenergic receptors, and an augmented adrenergic response—which relates to the marked vasoconstrictive properties of the drug (responsible for a few of the cardiotoxic effects) [ 2, 82, 83]. Providing the optimal combination of treatment and services for each individual is critical to successful outcomes. Ultimately, a combination of both treatments may be the most effective option. Using cocaine regularly—in any form—can result in an individual developing a tolerance to it, meaning they need larger or more frequent doses to achieve the desired outcome. They may even begin using the drug in binge cycles, which can cause adverse psychological and physiological effects and lead to overdose. 8 This disguised version of "Cocaine Habit Blues" was recorded by Freeny's Barn Dance Band in 1930. After the first verse, there is no similarity in the lyrics.