Miller's Anatomy of the Dog, 4e

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a b c Jennifer Davis (1998). "Dr. P's Dog Training: Vision in Dogs & People". Archived from the original on 9 February 2015 . Retrieved 20 February 2015. Deep digital flexor: originates on the fibular and inserts on the plantar surface of the distal phalanges. It acts to flex the digits and extend the tarsus. It is innervated by the tibial nerve. Anna A. Kasparson; Jason Badridze; Vadim V. Maximov (July 2013). "Colour cues proved to be more informative for dogs than brightness". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1766): 20131356. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.1356. PMC 3730601. PMID 23864600. Size [ edit ] The difference in overall body size between a Cane Corso (Italian mastiff) and a Yorkshire terrier is over 30-fold, yet both are members of the same species.

a b c Wang, Xiaoming and Tedford, Richard H. Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. pp.97-8Supinator: originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the radius. It acts to rotate the forearm laterally. It is innervated by the radial nerve. As we explain above, canine anatomy is far ranging due to the diversity of existing breeds. These different breeds not only differ from each other in size, but in the shape of many body parts. Perhaps the most significant is head shape. There are three main different types of head formation in dogs: The dog's muscles provides the ability to jump and leap. Their legs can propel them forward rapidly, leaping as necessary to chase and overcome prey. They have small, tight feet, walking on their toes (thus having a digitigrade stance and locomotion). Their rear legs are fairly rigid and sturdy. The front legs are loose and flexible with only muscle attaching them to the torso. Dogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier that stood only 6.3cm (2.5in) at the shoulder, 9.5cm (3.7in) in length along the head and body, and weighed only 113 grams (4.0oz). The largest known adult dog was an English Mastiff which weighed 155.6kg (343lb). [2] The tallest known adult dog is a Great Dane that stands 106.7cm (42.0in) at the shoulder. [3] For excretion and blood cleansing, dogs have two kidneys (one located higher than the other) and a bladder for accumulating urine. The urine is then expelled via the urethra.

You may know more about the anatomical features of an animal lung from this article. Left lung of a dog The digestive apparatus of a dog consists of the oral cavity, pharynx, alimentary canal, and accessory organs. Again, the accessory organs of the dog digestive system consist of teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and paranasal sinus. Arteries of pelvic limb – external and internal iliac artery, femoral artery, and popliteal artery, a b Wang, Xiaoming (2008) Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231509435 In addition, you will find gastric, duodenal, and renal impressions in a dog’s liver. The pancreas of a dogThe uterus is one of the most important organ in female dog anatomy. The whole structure of the dog’s uterus appears as a large V-shape. Again, the body is short, and the horn is very long in the dog’s uterus. The horns of this uterus are not tapered. Ascending portion – runs obliquely cranially and to the left from the transverse part. It obliquely crosses the uterus, sympathetic trunk, caudal vena cava, aorta, and lumbar lymphatic trunk. The external carotid artery of the dog – includes occipital, cranial laryngeal, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, caudal auricular, parotid, superficial temporal, and maxillary arteries. Quadratus femoris: originates on the ischium and inserts on the intertrochanteric crest. It acts to extend the hip and rotate the pelvic limb laterally.