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Many of the reasons for the struggles in recent years have been out of our control, but this doesn’t stop the deep sense of regret about how things have ended and what could have been had different decisions been made," he added. Some sources also distinguish the concept from optimism since it does not focus on how things are going well but on whether things are going as well as possible. [67] See also [ edit ] a b Scheier, Michael F.; Carver, Charles S. (April 1992). "Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update". Cognitive Therapy and Research. 16 (2): 201–228. doi: 10.1007/BF01173489. S2CID 6849439. optimism". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on November 15, 2017 . Retrieved November 14, 2017. Home » Micropubs » East Midlands Micropubs » Derbyshire Micropubs » The Hoptimist, Spondon The Hoptimist, Spondon Posted on Sep 20, 2023

Peterson, Christopher; Park, Nansook; Kim, Eric S. (February 2012). "Can optimism decrease the risk of illness and disease among the elderly?". Aging Health. 8 (1): 5–8. doi: 10.2217/ahe.11.81. Super collab alert! Hoptimism x Torrside x Emperor’s x Heist x A Hoppy Place x Elusive x Cult of Oak! Liu, Caimei; Bates, Timothy C. (2014-08-01). "The structure of attributional style: Cognitive styles and optimism–pessimism bias in the Attributional Style Questionnaire". Personality and Individual Differences. 66: 79–85. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.03.022. Scheier, Michael F.; Carver, Charles S.; Bridges, Michael W. (December 1994). "Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 67 (6): 1063–1078. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063. PMID 7815302. Rescher, Nicholas (2013). Being and Value and Other Philosophical Essays. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag. p.11. ISBN 978-3-938793-88-6.Giltay, Erik J.; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Zitman, Frans G.; Buijsse, Brian; Kromhout, Daan (November 2007). "Lifestyle and dietary correlates of dispositional optimism in men: The Zutphen Elderly Study". Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 63 (5): 483–490. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.07.014. PMID 17980220. Research to date [update] has demonstrated that optimists are less likely to have certain diseases or develop certain diseases over time. Research has not yet [update] been able to demonstrate the ability to change an individual's level of optimism through psychological interventions, and thereby perhaps alter the course of disease or likelihood for development of disease. [ citation needed] Ehrenreich, Barbara (2010). Bright-Sided: How Positive Thinking Is Undermining America. Picador. p.256. ISBN 9780312658854 . Retrieved 2013-07-29.

The Life Orientation Test (LOT) was designed by Scheier and Carver (1985) [ full citation needed] to assess dispositional optimism – expecting positive or negative outcomes. [21] It is one of the more popular tests of optimism and pessimism. It was often used in early studies examining these dispositions' effects in health-related domains. [29] Scheier and Carver's initial research, which surveyed college students, found that optimistic participants were less likely to show an increase in symptoms like dizziness, muscle soreness, fatigue, blurred vision, and other physical complaints than pessimistic respondents. [30] Low optimism may help explain the association between caregivers' anger and reduced sense of vitality [ clarification needed]. [44] Zullow, H. (1991). "Explanations and Expectations: Understanding the 'Doing' Side of Optimism". Psychological Inquiry. 2 (1): 45–49. doi: 10.1207/s15327965pli0201_13. A study involving twins found that optimism is largely inherited at birth. [51] Along with the recognition that childhood experiences determine an individual's outlook, such studies demonstrate the genetic basis for optimism reinforces the recognized difficulty in changing or manipulating the direction of an adult's disposition from pessimist to optimist. [51] Philosophical optimism [ edit ]Researchers operationalize the term "optimism" differently depending on their research. As with any trait characteristic, there are several ways to evaluate optimism, such as the Life Orientation Test (LOT), an eight-item scale developed in 1985 by Michael Scheier and Charles Carver. [8]

Explanatory style is distinct from dispositional theories of optimism. While related to life-orientation measures of optimism, attributional style [ clarification needed] theory suggests that dispositional optimism and pessimism are reflections of the ways people explain events, i.e., that attributions cause these dispositions. [19] An optimist would view defeat as temporary, as something that does not apply to other cases, and as something that is not their fault. [20] Measures of attributional style distinguish three dimensions among explanations for events: Whether these explanations draw on internal versus external causes; whether the causes are viewed as stable versus unstable; and whether explanations apply globally versus being situationally specific. In addition, the measures distinguish attributions for positive and negative events. Theories of optimism include dispositional models and models of explanatory style. Methods to measure optimism have been developed within both of these theoretical approaches, such as various forms of the Life Orientation Test for the original dispositional definition of optimism and the Attributional Style Questionnaire designed to test optimism in terms of explanatory style. We can’t deny that Tori and I wouldn’t have met without Facebook and there are some positive communities and tribes that have been built through social media.

Optimalists accept failures and learn from them, encouraging further pursuit of achievement. [64] Ben-Shahar believes that optimalists and perfectionists show distinct motives. Optimalists tend to have more intrinsic, inward desires, with a motivation to learn, while perfectionists are highly motivated by a need to prove themselves worthy consistently. [62]

Popper, Micha; Mayseless, Ofra (2013). "Internal World of Transformational Leaders". In Avolio, Bruce; Yammarino, Francis (eds.). Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. p. 247. ISBN 9781781905999.

The term derives from the Latin optimum, meaning "best". To be optimistic, in the typical sense of the word, is to expect the best possible outcome from any given situation. [1] This is usually referred to in psychology as dispositional optimism. It reflects a belief that future conditions will work out for the best. [2] As a trait, it fosters resilience in the face of stress. [3] Abramson, L.; Dykman, B.; Needles, D. (1991). "Attributional Style and Theory: Let No One Tear Them Asunder". Psychological Inquiry. 2 (1): 11–13. doi: 10.1207/s15327965pli0201_2.