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Moore, K. L., Dalley, A. F., & Agur, A. M. R. (2014). Clinically Oriented Anatomy (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. The development of the vertebral column begins with the notochord. This structure is located beneath the neural tube, which gives rise to the brain and spinal cord. The cranial end of the notochord forms first, and the development of the notochord then proceeds in a caudal direction. When fully developed, the definitive regions of the spinal cordare the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon (midbrain), metencephalon (pons) with the cerebellum (rhombencephalon), myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) and myelon (spinal cord). Meet lifestyle goals: set up healthy eating habits, restore good sleep quality and improve your mood Are you feeling weak, sluggish, overweight, or slow? ❌ Not sure if you should do more cardio or weightlifting? Eat more or fewer proteins, carbs, veggies?

The anterior scalene muscle is innervated by the anterior rami of the spinal nerves C4-C6, and vascularized by the ascending cervical branch of inferior thyroid artery. Semispinalis cervicis, that arises from the transverse processes of vertebrae T1-T6 and inserts onto the spinous processes of vertebrae C2-C5. The vertebrae are formed from the sclerotomal portion of the somites (soma is Greek for "body"). The 42 pairs of somites are composed of the paraxial mesoderm of the embryo. [4]Sclerotomes, myotomes, symetotomes, and dermatomes are all subdivisions of somites. Somites give rise to the muscles, the vertebral column, and dermatomes (the sensory supply from a given spinal cord nerve). Vertebrae C3 through C7 are known as "typical" cervical vertebrae. The primary motion of the upper portion of the lower cervical unit (C2-C4) is rotation. The primary motion of the lower portion of the lower cervical unit is side-bending.The description of all spinal and vertebral movements is relative to motions of their anterior and superior surfaces. [1] My role as a Certified Online Personal Trainer, Nutritionist and Posing Coach ❓ Help you SHAPE and DEFINE your body and build a STRONGER MINDSET.The nerve roots at C8 and T1 are the most commonly injured in the cervical segments. Such lesions can involve the brachial plexus. Compression of the T1 nerve root damages the medial cord of the brachial plexus, which contributes to the ulnar nerve and forms part of the median nerve. Thus, damage to the T1 nerve root will cause extreme damage to the intrinsic muscles of the hand due to damage to the ulnar and median nerves. The sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve (CN XI) and anterior rami of spinal nerves C2 and C3. Vascular supply to this muscle is derived from branches of the occipital, posterior auricular, superior thyroid and suprascapular artery. When the vertebral column is fixed, the muscle produces elevation of the 1st rib, which combined with the action of the external intercostals expands the antero-posterior diameter of the thoracic cage. This action is important during forced respiration.

As a Certified Online Personal Trainer and Nutritionist, I’m here to help you shape your body and achieve YOUR health and fitness goals: To deepen this stretch, use your hand to apply gentle pressure to your head. If it’s comfortable, stretch the SCM muscle by gently lifting your chin while in the stretch. Scalene stretchThe semispinalis capitis is innervated by the descending branches of the greater occipital nerve (C2) and spinal nerve C3, while the semispinalis cervicis and multifidus cervicis are innervated by the medial branches of posterior rami of spinal nerves. These muscles receive their blood supply via branches of the vertebral, deep cervical and occipital arteries. The cervical ganglia are a trio of sympathetic nervous system ganglia that lie alongside the vertebral column. The superior cervical ganglion lies at the C2-C3 intervertebral level, while the middle cervical ganglion lies at the C6-C7 intervertebral level. The interior cervical ganglion is fused with the first thoracic ganglion to create the stellate ganglion at the C7-T1 intervertebral level. The transverse part is composed of the middle fibers of trapezius, that originate from the nuchal ligament of the spinous processes of vertebrae C1-C6, and spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of vertebrae C7-T3. These fibers pass horizontally to insert onto the medial acromial margin and the superior crest of the scapular spine. Suboccipital muscles: Four muscles just below the occipital bone at the base of your skull. They help extend your head in different directions.

Multifidus cervicis, that arises from the articular processes of vertebrae C4-C7 and inserts onto the spinous processes of vertebrae 2-5 levels above the origin.The posterior scalene is the smallest and most posterior of the scalene muscles that arises from the posterior tubercles of transverse processes of cervical vertebrae C4-C6. It then extends posterolaterally and inserts into the external surface of the second rib. You may have already started reading some articles for inspiration. Keep on, mate! If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment!