Joined in 2023 
82 
63 About this deal
Loades, David (1989). "The Reign of Mary Tudor: Historiography and Research." Albion 21 (4): 547–558. online. Edwards, John. (2011). Mary I: England's Catholic Queen. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-11810-4. Reginald Pole, the son of Mary's executed governess, arrived as papal legate in November 1554. [131] He was ordained a priest and appointed Archbishop of Canterbury immediately after Cranmer's execution in March 1556. [132] [b] Foreign policy [ edit ]
The michelada is the perfect drink for the bloody mary drinker who doesn’t really like bloody marys. At its heart, it switches out vodka for beer, but from there, it’s anybody’s game. The beer could stand alone, without tomato juice, and simply be spiced and seasoned. Or, it could be used as a half and half mix with tomato juice, in addition to lime and spices. Mary I (18 February 1516– 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, and as " Bloody Mary" by her Protestant opponents, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain as the wife of King Philip II from January 1556 until her death in 1558. She is best known for her vigorous attempt to reverse the English Reformation, which had begun during the reign of her father, King Henry VIII. Her attempt to restore to the Church the property confiscated in the previous two reigns was largely thwarted by Parliament, but during her five-year reign, Mary had over 280 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian persecutions. National Maritime Museum Known for her tumultuous life story, “Bloody” Mary I also had an unhappy, loveless marriage with Philip II.
This Website requires you to be 18 years or older to enter.
To elevate his son to Mary's rank, Emperor Charles V ceded to Philip the crown of Naples as well as his claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Mary thus became Queen of Naples and titular Queen of Jerusalem upon marriage. [98] Their wedding at Winchester Cathedral on 25 July 1554 took place just two days after their first meeting. [99] Philip could not speak English, and so they spoke a mixture of Spanish, French, and Latin. [100] False pregnancy [ edit ] Mary and her husband, Philip Weir, Alison (1996). Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. London: Pimlico. ISBN 0-7126-7448-9. OL 7794712M. Quality: Many canned Bloody Mary options use high-quality ingredients and unique blends of spices for a delicious flavor. Mary was baptised into the Catholic faith at the Church of the Observant Friars in Greenwich three days after her birth. [5] Her godparents included Lord Chancellor Thomas Wolsey; her great-aunt Catherine, Countess of Devon; and Agnes Howard, Duchess of Norfolk. [6] Henry VIII's first cousin once removed, Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, stood sponsor for Mary's confirmation, which was conducted immediately after the baptism. [7] The following year, Mary became a godmother herself when she was named as one of the sponsors of her cousin Frances Brandon. [8] In 1520, the Countess of Salisbury was appointed Mary's governess. [9] Sir John Hussey (later Lord Hussey) was her chamberlain from 1530, and his wife Lady Anne, daughter of George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent, was one of Mary's attendants. [10] Childhood [ edit ] Catherine of Aragon, 1520, Mary's mother Mary in 1522, at the time of her engagement to Emperor Charles V. She is aged 6 and wears a rectangular brooch inscribed "The Emperour". [11] Alongside burning Protestants, Mary had another priority — getting pregnant. Thirty-seven years old when she took power, Mary was determined to produce an heir during her reign. But things took a strange twist.
Hoyle, R. W. (2001). The Pilgrimage of Grace and the Politics of the 1530s. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-925906-2. OL 22264908M. Mary was courted by Philip, Duke of Bavaria, from late 1539, but he was Lutheran and his suit for her hand was unsuccessful. [54] Over 1539, the king's chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, negotiated a potential alliance with the Duchy of Cleves. Suggestions that Mary marry William I, Duke of Cleves, who was the same age, came to nothing, but a match between Henry and the Duke's sister Anne was agreed. [55] When the king saw Anne for the first time in late December 1539, a week before the scheduled wedding, he found her unattractive but was unable, for diplomatic reasons and without a suitable pretext, to cancel the marriage. [56] Cromwell fell from favour and was arrested for treason in June 1540; one of the unlikely charges against him was that he had plotted to marry Mary himself. [57] Anne consented to the annulment of the marriage, which had not been consummated, and Cromwell was beheaded. [58] Born on February 18, 1516, in the Greenwich Palace in London, England, to Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, Mary seemed an unlikely candidate to be queen, let alone a “bloody” one. Her father deeply desired a male heir and spent Mary’s childhood doing whatever it took to get one. Alleged Bloody Mary sightings in the mirror often describe the ghost as having a baby or looking for a baby. In some versions of the tale, summoners can taunt Bloody Mary by saying, “I stole your baby,” or “I killed your baby.” And there’s a reason why that refrain would get under Queen Mary I’s skin. The red snapper is said to be the first-ever stateside bloody mary, created in 1934 by Fernand Petiot at the St. Regis New York’s King Cole Bar. The recipe served up by the St. Regis includes one ounce of vodka, 11 ounces of a house bloody mary mix, which includes lemon juice, tomato juice, Worcestershire, Tabasco, seasonings, and a lemon wedge garnish.As queen, one of Mary’s most urgent priorities was returning England to the Catholic Church. She married Philip II of Spain, quashed a Protestant rebellion, and reversed many of her father and half-brother’s anti-Catholic policies. In 1555, she went one step further by reviving a law called heretico comburendo, which punished heretics by burning them at the stake.
Samson, Alexander (2020). Mary and Philip: The Marriage of Tudor England and Habsburg Spain. Manchester UK: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-1-5261-4223-8. Wikimedia Commons A late 16th-century copy of the now-lost portrait of Elizabeth Bathory, painted in 1585.Mary was the only surviving child of Henry VIII by his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. She was declared illegitimate and barred from the line of succession following the annulment of her parents' marriage in 1533, though she would later be restored via the Third Succession Act 1543. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded their father in 1547 at the age of nine. When Edward became terminally ill in 1553, he attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession because he supposed, correctly, that she would reverse the Protestant reforms that had taken place during his reign. Upon his death, leading politicians proclaimed Mary and Edward's Protestant cousin, Lady Jane Grey, as queen instead. Mary speedily assembled a force in East Anglia and deposed Jane, who was eventually beheaded. Mary was—excluding the disputed reigns of Jane and the Empress Matilda—the first queen regnant of England. In July 1554, Mary married Prince Philip of Spain, becoming queen consort of Habsburg Spain on his accession in 1556. Now aged 37, Mary turned her attention to finding a husband and producing an heir, which would prevent the Protestant Elizabeth (still next-in-line under the terms of Henry VIII's will and the Act of Succession of 1544) from succeeding to the throne. Edward Courtenay and Reginald Pole were both mentioned as prospective suitors, but her first cousin Charles V suggested she marry his only legitimate son, Philip. [85] The Spanish prince had been widowed a few years before by the death of his first wife, Maria Manuela of Portugal, mother of his son Carlos and was the heir apparent to vast territories in Continental Europe and the New World. Both Philip and Mary were descendants of John of Gaunt and in Mary's case, the ancestry was by double lineage. [ citation needed] As part of the marriage negotiations, a portrait of Philip by Titian was sent to Mary in the latter half of 1553. [86] Mario Savorgnano, 25 August 1531, in Calendar of State Papers, Venetian, vol. IV, p. 682, quoted in Loades, p. 63. Bacon as a garnish to a bloody mary has become near-universal. But a true bacon bloody Mary goes a step farther by infusing its base spirit with bacony goodness. The weather during the years of Mary's reign was consistently wet. The persistent rain and flooding led to famine. [142] Another problem was the decline of the Antwerp cloth trade. [143] Despite Mary's marriage to Philip, England did not benefit from Spain's enormously lucrative trade with the New World. [144] The mercantilist Spanish guarded their trade routes jealously, and Mary could not condone English smuggling or piracy against her husband. [145] In an attempt to increase trade and rescue the English economy, Mary's counsellors continued Northumberland's policy of seeking out new commercial opportunities. She granted a royal charter to the Muscovy Company under governor Sebastian Cabot, [146] and commissioned a world atlas from Diogo Homem. [147] Adventurers such as John Lok and William Towerson sailed south in an attempt to develop links with the coast of Africa. [148]
Porter, Linda (2007). Mary Tudor: The First Queen. London: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-7499-0982-6. OCLC 230990057. OL 26863607M. After Philip's visit in 1557, Mary again thought she was pregnant, with a baby due in March 1558. [152] She decreed in her will that her husband would be the regent during the minority of their child. [153] But no child was born, and Mary was forced to accept that her half-sister Elizabeth would be her lawful successor. [154] English coinage was debased under both Henry VIII and Edward VI. Mary drafted plans for currency reform but they were not implemented until after her death. [151] Death [ edit ] Portrait by Hans Eworth ( c. 1555–58) When Mary ascended the throne, she was proclaimed under the same official style as Henry VIII and Edward VI: "Mary, by the Grace of God, Queen of England, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and of the Church of England and of Ireland on Earth Supreme Head". The title Supreme Head of the Church was repugnant to Mary's Catholicism, and she omitted it after Christmas 1553. [174]Wernham, R. B. (1966). Before the Armada: The Growth of English Foreign Policy, 1485–1588. London: Jonathan Cape. Alexander Samson, Mary and Philip: The marriage of Tudor England and Habsburg Spain (Manchester, 2020), pp. 71–73.
Great Deal 
New Comment