The Northumbrians: North-East England and Its People: A New History

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These races were held on an island in the middle of the Tyne and were last held on 2 September 1916. Jackson has chosen the ‘Northumbrians’ as his catch-all term for the people of the two historic counties of Northumberland and Durham. For example, only a few Scandinavian words, mostly military and technical, became part of Old English.

He converted King Oswald of Northumbria in 635, and then worked to convert the people of Northumbria. The two-halves of the double monastery Monkwearmouth–Jarrow were founded by the nobleman Benedict Biscop in 673 and 681. CE), considered the first serious work on the history of Britain and earning Bede the epithet `Father of English History'.The administrative system of shires and hundreds did not extent beyond the Tees with the lands north thereof being left under the control of its native rulers: the Earls of Bamburgh and Community of St Cuthbert. Aethelfrith died shortly after this conflict in the Battle of Bawtry on the River Idle against East Anglia. After the initial attack the Norse left to go north, leaving Kings Ælle and Osberht to recapture the city.

Morcar, the brother of Edwin, the Earl of Mercia, was invited to be Earl of Northumbria by the rebels.Northumbria was passing into history – and two new nations, England and Scotland, were being forged. Hexhamshire, which had been transferred to the See of York by Henry I, was first referred to as a separate County Palatinate in the 14th century.

This tidal island in some ways replicated the isolation of Iona – island home of a monastic community in the Inner Hebrides, where Oswald had been baptised – and was visible from his palace at Bamburgh. In the early twentieth century, historians identified Eric of York with the Norwegian king Eric Bloodaxe, although more recent scholarship has challenged this association. Information on the early royal genealogies for Bernicia and Deira comes from Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People and Welsh chronicler Nennius' Historia Brittonum. Although primarily recorded in the southern provinces of England, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles (particularly the D and E recensions) provide some information on Northumbria's conflicts with Vikings in the late eighth and early ninth centuries.Nevertheless, his concern for the accomplishments of many little-known Northumbrians livens the narration and will influence future work on the region’s cultural history. Northumbria is known for its distinctive musical culture and has its own unique instrument, the Northumbrian smallpipe. King Eadred was the half-brother of Æthelstan and full brother of Edmund, all of whom were sons of king Edward the Elder. And by the later eighth century, there were numerous candidates for kingship, some of whom enjoyed only very short reigns. The Lindisfarne Gospels survived, but monastic culture in Northumbria went into a period of decline in the early ninth century.