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Decision making about the circular economy can be performed on the operational (connected with particular parts of the production process), tactical (connected with whole processes) and strategic (connected with the whole organization) levels. It may concern both construction companies as well as construction projects (where a construction company is one of the stakeholders). [ citation needed] Simple economic models have ignored the economy-environment interrelationships. Allan Kneese in " The Economics of Natural Resources" indicates how resources are not endlessly renewable, and mentions the term circular economy for the first time explicitly in 1988. [33] One study suggests that "a mandatory certification scheme for recyclers of electronic waste, in or out of Europe, would help to incentivize high-quality treatment processes and efficient material recovery". [88]a b Scott, W. Richard (2008). Institutions and Organization: Ideas and Interest (Thirded.). Stanford University: Sage Publications. pp.50–51. ISBN 978-1-4129-5090-9. Adopting an engineering circular lifecycle approach undeniably brings a considerable set of challenges. Complex engineering systems, especially those with extended lifecycles and intricate safety and certification governance frameworks, may encounter difficulties while transitioning to renewable energy sources. However, the circular lifecycle concept is adaptable to a broad range of manufactured and engineered products, affirming its universal applicability. Petrović, Nataša (2020). "Book review of:Strategic Management and the Cir

English–Arabic English–Bengali English–Catalan English–Czech English–Danish English–Hindi English–Korean English–Malay English–Marathi English–Russian English–Tamil English–Telugu English–Thai English–Turkish English–Ukrainian English–VietnameseThe Luxembourg added in 2019 Circular economy in their data-driven innovation strategy, considering it now as a crucial field for innovation in the next years. It is present in most sectors of the country's development plan even if it is still only at the beginning of its development. [247] Urbinati, Andrea; Chiaroni, Davide; Chiesa, Vittorio (2017-01-01). "Towards a new taxonomy of circular economy business models". Journal of Cleaner Production. 168: 487–498. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.047. ISSN 0959-6526. S2CID 157679243.

The circular economy is a framework of three principles, driven by design: eliminate waste and pollution, keeping products and materials in use and regenerate natural systems. [6] It is based increasingly on renewable energy and materials, and it is accelerated by digital innovation. It is a resilient, distributed, diverse, and inclusive economic model. The circular economy is an economic concept often linked to sustainable development, provision of the Sustainable Development Goals (Global Development Goals) and an extension of a green economy. [ citation needed] Philips delivers on commitment to the circular economy at DAVOS 2019". Philips . Retrieved 2019-03-12. Chertow, Marian R. (2000-12-01). "Industrial symbiosis: Literature and taxonomy". Annual Review of Energy and the Environment. 25 (1): 313–337. doi: 10.1146/annurev.energy.25.1.313. ISSN 1056-3466.

The Circular Lifecycle for Complex Engineering Systems [ edit ] ‘Engineering the Circular Life Cycle: For Complex and Certified Systems. A framework for applying engineering principles to design and innovate for circularity. Shpak, Nestor; Kuzmin, Oleh; Melnyk, Olga; Ruda, Mariana; Sroka, Włodzimierz (August 2020). "Implementation of a Circular Economy in Ukraine: The Context of European Integration". Resources. 9 (8): 96. doi: 10.3390/resources9080096. ISSN 2079-9276. One waste atlas aggregates some data about waste management of countries and cities, albeit the data is very limited. [216]

On 17 December 2012, the European Commission published a document entitled "Manifesto for a Resource Efficient Europe". [212] The circular economy was further modelled by British environmental economists David W. Pearce and R. Kerry Turner in 1989. In Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment, [55] they pointed out that a traditional open-ended economy was developed with no built-in tendency to recycle, which was reflected by treating the environment as a waste reservoir. [56] Focusing on the most resource-intensive sectors with a high potential to contribute to the circular economy. Iacovidou, Eleni; Hahladakis, John N.; Purnell, Phil (2021). "A systems thinking approach to understanding the challenges of achieving the circular economy". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 28 (19): 24785–24806. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11725-9. PMC 8144154. PMID 33289042. In July 2014, a zero-waste program for Europe has been put in place aiming at the circular economy. [213] Since then, several documents on this subject have been published. The following table summarizes the various European reports and legislation on the circular economy that have been developed between 2014 and 2018. [214]One study suggests that by 2050, up to 40 to 75% of the EU's clean energy metal needs could come from local recycling. [205] Historic day in the campaign to beat plastic pollution: Nations commit to develop a legally binding agreement". UN Environment Programme (UNEP). 2 March 2022 . Retrieved 11 March 2022. Murray, Alan; Skene, Keith; Haynes, Kathryn (2015-05-22). "The Circular Economy: An Interdisciplinary Exploration of the Concept and Application in a Global Context". Journal of Business Ethics. 140 (3): 369–380. doi: 10.1007/s10551-015-2693-2. S2CID 41486703.