LABORATORY THERMOMETER (-10°C - 110°C)

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Kinetic theory provides a microscopic account of temperature for some bodies of material, especially gases, based on macroscopic systems' being composed of many microscopic particles, such as molecules and ions of various species, the particles of a species being all alike. It explains macroscopic phenomena through the classical mechanics of the microscopic particles. The equipartition theorem of kinetic theory asserts that each classical degree of freedom of a freely moving particle has an average kinetic energy of k B T/2 where k B denotes the Boltzmann constant. [ citation needed] The translational motion of the particle has three degrees of freedom, so that, except at very low temperatures where quantum effects predominate, the average translational kinetic energy of a freely moving particle in a system with temperature T will be 3 k B T/2. When the tip of the mercury thermometer touches the material it is measuring, the material conducts heat energy to the mercury.

Cons: Vibration may be missed, prone to user error, doesn't work well for kids that won't sit still Place the thermometer in the center of the container and make sure that it is not touching any sides or bottom. A thermometer is calibrated by using two objects of known temperatures. The typical process involves using the freezing point and the boiling point of pure water. Water is known to freeze at 0°C and to boil at 100°C at an atmospheric pressure of 1 atm. By placing a thermometer in mixture of ice water and allowing the thermometer liquid to reach a stable height, the 0-degree mark can be placed upon the thermometer. Similarly, by placing the thermometer in boiling water (at 1 atm of pressure) and allowing the liquid level to reach a stable height, the 100-degree mark can be placed upon the thermometer. With these two markings placed upon the thermometer, 100 equally spaced divisions can be placed between them to represent the 1-degree marks. Since there is a linear relationship between the temperature and the height of the liquid, the divisions between 0 degree and 100 degree can be equally spaced. With a calibrated thermometer, accurate measurements can be made of the temperature of any object within the temperature range for which it has been calibrated. perfectly safe if it's sealed inside a thermometer. However, if the glass tube of a mercury thermometer

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If you are looking for highest accuracy during calibration, you should use ice water slurry instead of regular tap water since it has a more consistent temperature and structure. You can also use saltwater instead of tap water as salt increases the water’s density and maintains a relatively constant temperature. Many scientific measurements use the Kelvin temperature scale (unit symbol: K), named in honor of the physicist who first defined it. It is an absolute scale. Its numerical zero point, 0K, is at the absolute zero of temperature. Since May, 2019, the kelvin has been defined through particle kinetic theory, and statistical mechanics. In the International System of Units (SI), the magnitude of the kelvin is defined in terms of the Boltzmann constant, the value of which is defined as fixed by international convention. [6] [7] Statistical mechanical versus thermodynamic temperature scales [ edit ]

now NIST) in the early 20th century. Despite its chunky and clumsy appearance, it's accurate to within 0.0001 degrees. Insert the thermometer probe: Make sure that the stem/probe of the thermometer is not touching bottom or sides of the glass container. Once in position, hold the thermometer by its top.Dr. John Vann, a pediatrician in Omaha, told Insider that only a rectal temperature offers a true outpatient reading. "Everything else is an estimate," he said.