Modi's India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy

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The BJP won 31 percent of the vote, [38] and more-than-doubled its number of seats in the Lok Sabha to 282, becoming the first party to win a majority of seats on its own since 1984. Modi's administration has observed a decline in GDP growth and increasing joblessness compared to the previous administration under Manmohan Singh. Modi repealed 1,200 obsolete laws in first three years as prime minister; 1,301 such laws had been repealed by previous governments in the previous 64 years. Modi has actively promoted India’s role in global affairs as the world’s largest democracy, but a key pillar of democracy is accountability, and Modi has disregarded legitimate criticism of his repressive policies.

Narendra Modi has received consistently high approval ratings during his premiership; [34] he is often ranked in popular opinion polls as the greatest prime minister in Indian history. During its raids in 2013 and 2014, the CBI seized some diaries from two big Indian companies, Sahara Group and Aditya Birla Group. The Planning Commission had in previous years been criticised for creating inefficiency in the government and of not fulfilling its role of improving social welfare but since the economic liberalisation of the 1990s, it had been the major government body responsible for measures related to social justice. In 1983, he received a Master of Arts (MA) degree in political science from Gujarat University, graduating with a first class [80] [81] as an external distance learning student.Kinnvall, Catarina (2019), "Populism, ontological insecurity and Hindutva: Modi and the masculinization of Indian politics", Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 32 (3): 238–302, 295, doi: 10. Muslim victims of the riots were subjected to further discrimination when the state government announced their compensation would be half that offered to Hindu victims; this decision was later reversed after the issue was taken to court. The nomination of Modi for the prime-ministership drew attention to his reputation as "one of contemporary India's most controversial and divisive politicians". The whiplash-inducing reality is that this religious and political struggle is occurring alongside enormous economic optimism. Counter-demonstrations against the protests developed into the 2020 Delhi riots, caused chiefly by Hindu mobs attacking Muslims.

Narendra Damodardas Modi ( Gujarati: [ˈnəɾendɾə dɑmodəɾˈdɑs ˈmodiː] ⓘ; born 17 September 1950) [b] is an Indian politician who has served as the 14th prime minister of India since May 2014. As chief minister, Modi favoured privatisation and small government, which was at odds with the philosophy of the RSS, which is usually described as anti-privatisation and anti-globalisation. GIA poll: Modi ranks third after Merkel, Macron in global ratings of top world leaders; best ever rank for an Indian PM". On 7 October, Modi was sworn in [111] and he entered the Gujarat state legislature on 24 February 2002 after winning a by-election in Rajkot II constituency, defeating Ashwin Mehta of the INC. PM Modi In TIME Magazine's '100 Most Influential People 2021' List; Mamata Banerjee, Adar Poonawalla Also Feature".Drawing on original interviews conducted across India, Christophe Jaffrelot shows how Modi’s government has moved India toward a new form of democracy, an ethnic democracy that equates the majoritarian community with the nation and relegates Muslims and Christians to second-class citizens who are harassed by vigilante groups. Scholars consider the Government of Gujarat to have been complicit in the riots, [8] [125] and it has received much criticism for its handling of the situation; [126] some scholars explicitly blame Modi. From 2001 to 2011, Gujarat did not change its position relative to the rest of the country with respect to poverty and female literacy, remaining near the median of the 29 Indian states. Modi's foreign policy, similarly to that of the preceding Congress government, focused on improving economic ties, security and regional relations. The construction projects faced allegations of corruption and severe difficulty in getting people to use the newly constructed toilets.

Coronavirus | India becomes first country in the world to report over 4 lakh new cases on 30 April 2021". The UK and the European Union (EU) refused to admit Modi because of what they saw as his role in the riots.The boom in cotton production and its semi-arid land use [180] led to Gujarat's agricultural sector growing at an average rate of 9. The airstrike failed, [14] [15] and the deaths of six Indian personnel to friendly fire was later revealed: but the action had nationalist appeal. International humanitarian aid organisation Medecins Sans Frontieres, and environmental nonprofit organisation Sierra Club and Avaaz were among the groups that were investigated. To the alarm of India’s 200m Muslims, and many secular-minded Indians, it will mark a high point of a decades-long Hindu-nationalist project to dominate India.

In July 2007, Modi completed 2,063 consecutive days as chief minister of Gujarat, making him the longest-serving holder of that post. The state government later stated 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus were killed during the riots; [117] independent sources put the death toll at over 2,000, [116] [115] [122] the vast majority of them Muslims. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985 and he held several positions within the party hierarchy until 2001, rising to the rank of general secretary. Modi liberalised India's foreign direct investment policies, allowing more foreign investment in several industries, including defence and railways. A Supreme Court bench headed by Justice Arun Kumar Mishra dismissed the plea in January 2017 stating that the evidence provided was insufficient.

Modi's administration passed a land-reform bill that allowed it to acquire private agricultural land without conducting a social impact assessment, and without the consent of the farmers who owned it. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right wing Hindu nationalist paramilitary volunteer organisation. In 1987, Modi helped organise the BJP's campaign in the Ahmedabad municipal election, which the party won comfortably; according to biographers, Modi's planning was responsible for the win. Shortly before the war, Modi took part in a non-violent protest in New Delhi against the Indian government, for which he was arrested; because of this arrest, Inamdar decided to mentor Modi. With a third term looming, he should realise that, to fulfil his dream of making India a great power, the balancing-act must continue.